导波技术在尾矿库溃坝监测领域的应用

Application of guided wave technology in tailings dam failure monitoring

为降低尾矿库溃坝的风险,减少人员伤亡和财产损失,提出了一种利用导波技术进行尾矿库溃坝监测的新方法。该方法利用“导波计”采集尾矿库坝体变形产生的导波信号,通过对信号的分析处理,实现对尾矿库溃坝的监测预警。为了验证其可行性,首先开展了尾矿库溃坝模型试验,采集导波信号;然后根据导波理论获得了导波衰减曲线,并在此基础上优化了“导波计”的结构参数;最后分析了尾矿库溃坝过程中的导波参数和b值的演变规律。结果表明:①“导波计”最优结构参数是直径为14 mm的波导杆和6 mm的钢珠,导波在其中的衰减值小于4 dB/m;②导波参数的数值在尾矿库溃坝的各个阶段相差较大,呈现阶梯式增加的特征;③b值随尾矿库溃坝进程的发展呈现持续减小的趋势,阶段过渡时加速减小;④导波参数阶梯式增加与b值加速减小同时出现是尾矿库状态变化的前兆特征。

A new method of tailings dam failure monitoring by using guided wave technology is proposed to reduce the risk,casualties and property losses of tailings dam failure.“Guided Wave Gauge”(GWG)is used to collect guided waves generated by the deformation of the tailings dam and realize the monitoring of tailings dam failure through the analysis and processing of guided wave signals.The feasibility of this method is verified by a model test.Firstly,the model test of tailings dam failure is carried out to collect guided wave signals.Then the guided wave attenuation curve is obtained according to the guided wave theory,and the structural parameters of GWG are optimized on this basis.Finally,the evolution law of guided wave parameters and b value in the process of tailings dam failure is analyzed.The results show that:①The optimal structural parameters of GWG are 14 mm waveguide rod and 6 mm steel ball. The attenuation value of the guided wave in this GWG is less than 4 dB/m;② The values of guided wave parameters vary greatly at different stages of tailings dam failure, showing the characteristics of stepwise increase;③ The b value shows a continuous decreasing trend with the development of the tailings dam failure process and accelerates to decrease during the transition of the stage;④ The simultaneous occurrence of a stepwise increase in guided wave parameters and an accelerated decrease in b value is a precursor to the change in the state of the tailings dam.