云南澳洲坚果园土壤和叶片养分评价

Evaluation of Soil and Leaf Nutrients in Macadamia Orchards in Yunnan,China

通过对云南省西双版纳、普洱、临沧、保山、德宏等5个具有地域代表性的澳洲坚果种植区中的土壤和叶片养分分析,发现澳洲坚果种植区土壤与叶片养分具有较大的地域差异。47个澳洲坚果园的土壤pH、有机质和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硼、有效铜、有效锌平均含量分别为:4.94、29.17g/kg和109.23、36.64、200.05、352.78、85.65、0.60、2.03、2.14 mg/kg;叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和硼、铜、锌平均含量分别为:16.36、0.73、8.39、6.05、0.80 g/kg和17.74、3.46、9.86 mg/kg。土壤pH值低于5.0的样品比例占60%,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效铜和有效锌含量达到丰富程度的样品比例依次分别占40%、31%、47%、56%、38%和18%,土壤交换性钙、交换性镁和有效硼达到缺乏程度的样品比例依次为71%、67%和84%。叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和锌养分达到适宜和丰富的样品比例为97%、67%、100%、49%、51%和100%,磷、钙、镁、硼和铜养分达到缺乏程度的样品比例依次为33%、51%、49%、87%和88%。因此,云南澳洲坚果园土壤肥力调控的重点是增施有机肥,减施磷钾肥,补施钙镁中量元素及铜硼等微量元素。

Both soil and leaf nutrient concentrations were determined in 47 macadamia orchards of five macadamia planting areas in Xishuangbanna,Pu'er,Lincang,Baoshan and Dehong of Yunnan,southwest China.With varied soil and leaf nutrient concentrations in different macadamia planting areas the respective soil alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable Ca,exchangeable Mg and available B,available Cu,available Zn was 4.94,29.17 g/kg and109.23,36.64,200.05,352.78,85.65,0.60,2.03,2.14 mg/kg,respectively,and leaf N,P,K,Ca,Mg andB,Cu,Zn was 16.36,0.73,8.39,6.05,0.80 g/kg and17.74,3.46,9.86 mg/kg,correspondinly.Sixty percent-ages of all the measured soil samples had a pH<5.0.The percentages of all the measured soil samples that reached the abundant level for soil organic matter,alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available copper,available zinc was 40%,31%,47%,56%,38%and 18%,and the deficient level for exchangeable calcium,ex-changeable magnesium and available boron was 71%,67%and 84%,respectively.The percentages of all the measured leaf samples that reached the abundant level for N,P,K,Ca,Mg and Zn was 97%,67%,100%,49%,51%and 100%,while the deficient level for P,Ca,Mg,B and Cu was33%,51%,49%,87%,88%,respectively.The increase of organic manure application,reduction of chemical phosphorus and potassium inputs,and supplement of calcium,magnesium,copper and boron are therefore required to reach high quality and high yield in Yunnan macadamia orchards.