苜蓿种质资源筛选及育种目标群体构建研究

Study on the Selection of Alfalfa Germplasm Resources and the Establishment of Breeding Target Groups

为进一步筛选适宜河北东部苜蓿主要种植区的高产、优质、抗逆性强的苜蓿种质材料,收集国内外51份苜蓿种质材料,通过田间种植,测定产量、品质等生长性状,通过室内栽培,鉴定耐盐等生理特性,构建出不同性状的苜蓿目标群体,共筛选出高产苜蓿品种16个,收获期高品质苜蓿品种11个,种子萌发期耐盐性苜蓿品种9个,苗期耐盐性苜蓿品种9个。其中‘中苜1号’、‘中苜2号’、‘中苜3号’和旱地苜蓿表现出高产和强耐盐性,但收获期品质较差,而和田大叶苜蓿表现出高产和优质性状,但耐盐性较差。本试验通过对51份不同苜蓿种质材料进行性状鉴定和分类,针对不同的育种目标建立起不同的种质资源群体,通过对不同苜蓿群体归类及各苜蓿品种的性状表现进行性状重组,为下一步苜蓿杂交育种和群体轮回选择育种建立目标群体,同时为选育高产、优质、耐盐性强的苜蓿品种提供研究基础。

In order to further screen high-yield,high-quality,and strong-resistant alfalfa germplasm materials suitable for the main alfalfa planting areas in eastern Hebei,51 alfalfa germplasm materials were collected,and growth characteristics such as yield and quality were measured through field cultivation,the physiological characteristics such as salt tolerance were identified,and the target groups of alfalfa with different traits were constructed.The results showed that a total of 16 high-yield alfalfa varieties,11 high-quality alfalfa varieties at harvest,9 salt-tolerance alfalfa varieties at seed germination period,and 9 salt-tolerance alfalfa varieties at seedling stage were filter out.Among them,'Zhongmu No.1','Zhongmu No.2','Zhongmu No.3'and Handi alfalfa varieties showed high yield and strong salt tolerance,but the quality at harvest were poor.However,Hetian Daye alfalfa showed high-yield and high-quality traits,but its salt tolerance was poor.In this experiment,51 different alfalfa germplasm materials were identified and classified,and different species resource groups were established for different breeding goals.By categorizing different alfalfa populations,the traits were reorganized through the trait performance of each alfalfa variety,to establish the target group for the next step of alfalfa hybrid breeding and population recurrent selection breeding,and to provide a research foundation for breeding high-yield,high-quality,and salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties.