隋朝民众佛教信仰的历史考察——以造像题记梳理为中心

A Historical Study of the Peoples’Buddhist Faith in Sui Dynasty--Centered on the Buddhist Statue Inscription

隋朝佛教造像题记是民众群体意识与信仰心态的真实写照。通过对目前收集整理的203则造像题记的分析,总结出隋朝民众的佛教信仰具有五个突出特点:其一,地域性。民众信仰的空间主要集中在北方中原地区,尤其是山西和河北,且不同地区的造像形式与信仰内容各有特色。其二,多样性。信众阶层较广,以平民为主。造像组织形式多样,家庭合作和“拟血缘群体”的邑义合作相当普遍。其三,集中性。民众信仰的对象主要是观音、释迦佛、阿弥陀佛、思惟菩萨和弥勒佛等。其四,家庭性。民众祈愿的核心对象是其家庭成员。其五,功利性。祈愿是民众信仰功利性的行为折射。

The buddhist statue inscriptions in Sui Dynasty is the real reflection of group consciousness and individual awareness.Through the analysis of 203 statue inscriptions,we concluded that the peoples’buddhist faith in Sui Dynasty has five outstanding characteristics.First is regional,the peoples’buddhist faith is mainly centered in the central plains and the northern areas,especially Shanxi and Hebei,and different regions have its own distinctive features.Second is diversity,the belief class is broader,most of them are civilians.And believers’organizational form is also diversity,family cooperation and consanguinity group are quite common.Third is concentricity,the popular theme of them are Avalokitesvara,Sakyamuni Buddha,Amitabha,Siwei-Bodhisattva,Maitreya Buddha and so on.Fourth is family,the core object of the peoples’prayer is their family members.At last is the utilitarian,pray is the reflection of the utility of people’s buddhist faith.