互动义务、制度义务与政治生活--对于政治义务性质的前提性思考

Transactive Obligations,Institutional Obligations and Political Life:A Discussion about the Groundwork of Political Obligations

在传统的政治义务理论框架中,“互动义务-制度义务-自然责任”的义务三分法具有严重的缺陷,往往容易将政治义务问题直接转化成互动义务问题来加以解决。通过反驳通常对于制度义务的互动解释、自然责任解释和(尤其是)感恩解释可知,某些制度角色本身具有道德属性,由此所产生的制度义务亦能满足政治义务的“特殊性要求”。进而,从公民的制度角色出发来证成政治义务的新尝试有望解决互动义务理论所带来的种种难题,有效缓解个体自主性与制度角色间的张力,为系统审视现代政治社会与政治生活提供了一种新的路径与视角。

In the traditional framework of political obligations theory,the so-called obligation trichotomy of"transactive obligations-institutional obligations-natural duties"is liable to some serious theoretical difficulties,that is,will justify the political obligation in the name of transactive obligation.The author refutes the usual practice of dealing with the institutional obligations under the theoretical approach of transactive obligations,natural duties and gratitude,and holds that some institutional roles have moral forces in itself,at the same time,the institutional obligations which arises from some institutional roles can meet the"particularity requirement"of political obligations.Furthermore,the new attempt that justifies the political obligations by the means of citizen's institutional roles will hopefully solve some theoretical difficulties posed by the transactive obligation approach,relieve the tension between the individual's autonomy and their institutional roles that they can not choose,and supply a different angle of view to re-examine the modem political society and political life.