王时槐良知说的明觉义

The Apperception of Innate Knowledge of Wang Shihuai's Thought

本文以王时槐的思想为中心,对良知的作用形式做出分析。明觉是良知的作用形式,是诚明、神明(灵明)和虚明的结合,和意识的反映照察功能近似而不同。良知作为发窍乃是纯粹经验的起点,故而其作用形式具有不同于主客二分与我思等认知活动起点的特征,而是与物无对的明觉;良知作为性灵乃是先天道德理性自然灵动的呈现,而非后天培养的道德意识,故而其作用形式是“不思不虑”与“思不出位”,这和认知理性的思维意识形式,情识意念的攀缘逐境的形式不同。所以,明觉堪称良知的本质特征,是良知区分于认知活动、情识意念和后天培养的道德意识的关键。

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the action of the Innate Knowledge in Wang Shihuai's thought.Apperception,as the action form of the Innate Knowledge,has three meanings of Xu Ming,Cheng Ming and Shen Ming,which looks similar but different with the reflection of consciousness.The Innate Knowledge is the origin of pure experience,so the characteristic of apperception is not the subject-object dichotomy,but the unity of subjectivity and objectivity.As the bright appearance of prior moral reason,apperception has the form of non-thinking and the content of heavenly principles,which is different from the form of cognitive rationality,emotion and will.Apperception is the essential feature of the Innate Knowledge,which could be the key to distinguishing the Innate Knowledge from cognitive activity,emotional activity and moral consciousness which is acquired from experience.