东汉“义从”概念的生成--汉代边疆伦理整合的个案考察

The Formation of“Yicong”in the Eastern Han Dynasty:A Case of Integrating Border Areas by Ethic in Han Dynasty

东汉“义从”主要指接受汉朝调遣的羌胡兵,其中的“义”字强调羌胡兵辅汉的自愿性,体现了汉王朝边疆整合的伦理路径。在以“义”治国的过程中,“义”的标准大体有法、礼、情三种,承秦而起的汉王朝起初重“法义”。后来“礼义”“情义”地位渐升,甚至可以超越“法义”。正是在“情义”渐重的情形下,“义钱”“义谷”等标榜助国自愿性的名目陆续出现,东汉“义从”即生成于这一潮流中。尽管“义从”概念的名与实未尽相符,但义从群体参与汉王朝的军事行动,对中原王朝以及边疆族群自身的历史均有一定影响。

In the Eastern Han Dynasty,“Yicong”mainly referred to the soldiers who were from the groups of Qiang or Hu and who obeyed the orders from East Han government.The word“Yi”of“Yicong”emphasized that these soldiers were voluntary to help Han,thus reflecting the fact that Han tried to use ethical factors to integrate the border areas.In the process of administering the country by“Yi”,the standards of“Yi”generally can be divided into three categories:law,etiquette and emotion.Han inherited Qin’s political legacy,which led it to attach importance to the“Yi”of law in its earlier period.Later,the dimensions of etiquette and emotion in“Yi”rose,even surpassing the dimension of law finally.It is in this tendency that such concepts as“Yiqian”and“Yigu”that showed the feature of voluntary helping and supporting emerged,and“Yicong”also came into being among this tendency.Although there was a“name-fact”conflict in the concept of“Yicong”,the group’s participation in Han’s military actions affected the history of Han and ethnic groups in Han’s border areas to some degree.