从上海到瑞金:中共早期通讯员制度的历史生成与转变

From Shanghai to Ruijin:The Historical Generation and Transformation of the Early Communist Party Correspondent System

在中国共产党百年以来的办报办刊实践中,通讯工作不仅是党报党刊新闻生产环节不可或缺的重要一环,同时也是传播党的政策主张的有机网络,是党的领导延伸到群众基层的有力触角。相较于后期,特别是以延安时期为代表的正式、完整的党报理论体系,根据中共革命早期中央组织机构从上海迁至江西瑞金这一工作重心从城市转向农村的历史背景线索,对中共早期报刊通讯员制度从以知识分子和工人阶级为主的城市传播策略生成史到工、农、兵、学有机联合的农村转变发展史进行深入探讨,可以更深刻地把握中共早期对列宁主义的借鉴学习及其中国化的创造性实践,厘清其对中国共产党党报体制乃至其革命事业所产生的意义与影响。

In the practice of running newspapers and journals by the Communist Party of China over the past century,communication work has not only served as an indispensable and important part of the news production chain of party newspapers and journals,but also as an organic network for disseminating the party’s policies and propositions,and a powerful tentacle for extending the party’s leadership to the masses and the grassroots.Compared to the formal and complete theoretical system of the party press in the later period,especially during the Yan’an period,the history of the early communist press correspondent system,which shifted its focus from the urban to the rural areas in the early revolutionary period when the central organization of the CPC moved from Shanghai to Ruijin in Jiangxi,can be explored in greater depth,from the history of the urban communication strategy,which was dominated by the intellectuals and the working class,to the history of the rural transformation,where workers,peasants,soldiers and academics were organically united.In this way,we can gain a deeper understanding of the CPC’s early learning from Leninism and its creative practice of localization,and clarify its significance and impact on the CPC’s party newspaper system and even its revolutionary cause.