2017—2020年郑州市二七区8~10岁儿童碘营养状况及其与盐碘的相关性研究

Study on iodine nutrition status of children under 8-10 years old and its correlation with salt iodine in Erqi District of Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2020

目的调查2017—2020年郑州市二七区8~10岁儿童碘营养状况,并分析其与盐碘的相关性。方法采用分层抽样方法从郑州市二七区9个社区抽取8~10岁儿童800名,进行尿碘、盐碘与甲状腺检测,分析不同年份盐碘含量、尿碘含量、盐碘合格率,并采用Spearman秩相关分析儿童尿碘与盐碘的相关性。结果盐碘含量的总体中位数为26.2 mg/kg,盐碘总合格率93.00%(744/800);不同年份间盐碘含量、盐碘合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);儿童尿碘含量总体中位数为170.9μg/L,不同年份间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两两比较显示,2017年及2018年尿碘含量均高于2019年(校正后P<0.001),2020年尿碘含量高于2019年(校正后P<0.001);10岁儿童尿碘含量高于9岁儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);儿童尿碘与盐碘呈正相关(r=0.278,P<0.05);不同年份甲状腺容积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);甲状腺肿大发生率较低(2.88%),且不同年份差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 2017—2020年郑州市二七区8~10岁儿童碘营养状况多数处于适宜水平,食用盐基本均为合格碘盐,存在部分人群碘摄入不足与摄入过量情况,碘营养状况与盐碘存在正相关。因此应加强科学补碘相关知识宣教,提高合格碘盐食用率,预防碘缺乏引起的相关疾病。

Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition status of children under 8-10 years old in Erqi District of Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2020, and to analyze the correlation between iodine nutrition status and salt iodine. Methods A total of 800 children under 8-10 years old were selected from 9 communities in Erqi District of Zhengzhou City by stratified sampling method, and their urine iodine, salt iodine and thyroid were detected. The salt iodine content, urine iodine content and qualified rate of salt iodine in different years were analyzed, and the correlation between urine iodine and salt iodine was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. Results The overall median of salt iodine concentration was 26.2 mg/kg, and the total qualified rate of salt iodine was 93.00%(744/800);there were significant differences in salt iodine content and qualified rate among different years(P<0.05);the median urinary iodine content of children was 170.9 μg/L, and the difference was statistically significant among different years(P<0.05), pairwise comparison showed that the urinary iodine content in 2017 and 2018 was higher than that in 2019(P<0.001 after correction), and that in 2020 was higher than that in 2019(P<0.001 after correction);the urinary iodine content of 10-year-old children was higher than that of 9-year-old children, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);there was a positive correlation between urinary iodine and salt iodine in children(r=0.278, P<0.05);there was no significant difference in thyroid volume among different years(P>0.05);the incidence of goiter was low(2.88%), and there was no significant difference among different years(P>0.05). Conclusion From 2017 to 2020, the iodine nutrition status of children under 8-10 years old in Erqi District of Zhengzhou City was mostly at the appropriate level, and the salt was basically qualified iodized salt. There was a certain degree of iodine deficiency and excessive intake, and there was a positive correlation between iodine nutrition status and salt iodine. Therefore, we should strengthen the publicity and education of iodized salt related knowledge, improve the utilization rate of qualified iodized salt, and prevent the related diseases caused by iodine deficiency.