心灵解蔽的方式:论爱默生的直觉观

The Way to Illuminate the Mind:On Emerson's Intuition

爱默生的直觉论源于对洛克经验论与休谟怀疑论的批判,他认为其造成了民众信仰缺失的现实,渴望以直觉方法予以拯救,在物性社会中重塑心灵价值。这使其直觉论在理论构想上便具有多重内涵:既关注理性直觉对物性束缚的超越,也看重感官直觉在经验层面所能发挥的效用。为此,他将直觉引入审美范畴,把逻辑松散、饱含寓意的诗歌作为直觉的阐释场域,以此规避技术理性对直觉的限制,诗意建构出一条感官经验精神化的路径。但遗憾的是,直觉论在实践层面并未取得理想效果,诗性直觉无力扭转技术理性下的信仰危机,甚至还会背离其直觉论的初衷。因此,他放弃了直觉方式,逐步转向对实用经验的推崇。

Emerson's intuition theory stems from his critique of Locke's empiricism and Hume’s skepticism,he believes that it has contributed to the reality of people's lack of faith.He is eager to save it by intuition and rebuild spiritual value in a material society.This gives his intuition theory multiple connotations in its theoretical conception:the transcendence of intuition of reason over the bondage of materiality,and the utility that sensory intuition can play at the empirical level.Therefore,he introduced intuition into the aesthetic category,and took poetry with loose logic and full of implied meanings as the interpretation field of intuition,so as to avoid the limitation of technical rationality on intuition,and poetry constructed a path of spiritualization of sensory experience.However,his intuition theory has not achieved ideal results in practice,and poetic intuition cannot reverse the belief crisis under technical rationality,and even deviates from its original purpose.Therefore,Emerson gave up the intuitive way and gradually turned to advocating practical experience.