技术机会获取与控制权交换过程——对网约车平台技术的互构视角分析

Technological Opportunity Acquisition and the Exchange of Control Rights:An Analysis of the Technology of Ride-hailing Platform from Inter-construction Perspective

本文基于技术与社会互构的视角,以滴滴网约车平台中司机与平台的关系为主要线索,考察了一类获取平台技术机会的途径及多方控制权交换的技术实践特征。文章发现,平台技术以赋予不同类型机会的方式吸纳个体行动者进入平台,创生了一种新的社会情境,规避了过去技术需要与组织适配的局面。围绕平台算法,为了获得更高的收入,司机需要让渡自身控制权以服从技术的安排,平台掌握着由算法形成的剩余控制权,获得了远高于平台内其他行动者的权力。不过,应用于服务行业的算法也使得平台不得不保持在多方互动的前台,持续性地接受来自社会的监督,这构成了约束平台技术作恶的一种重要的社会机制。

Based on the Inter-construction perspective between technology and society,this paper discussed the relationship between the driver and the platform in DiDi ride-hailing platform as the main clue,and investigated the way to acquire one kind of platform technology opportunity and the technical practice characteristics of difference agents about the exchange of control rights.The finding showed that the platform technology absorbs individual agents into the platform in the way of giving different types of opportunities,creating a new social situation,thus avoiding the past situation of adaptation between technology and organization.Around the platform algorithm,in order to obtain higher income,drivers need to give up their control rights to comply with the arrangement of technology.The platform grasped the residual control by the algorithm,so it gains much more power than other agents in the platform.However,the algorithm also made the platform have to remain the foreground roles,and then continuously accept the supervision from the society,which constituted an important social constraint mechanism for the evil of platform technology.