阿尔兹海默症靶点及相关药物研究进展

Research Progress of Alzheimer’s Disease Targets and Related Drugs

阿尔兹海默症是一种多发性神经退行性疾病,是老年人群患痴呆症的最主要原因。其主要发病人群为65岁及以上老年人群,在其他年龄人群中也有发生。阿尔兹海默症的主要病理现象为细胞内神经纤维缠结和细胞外淀粉样蛋白聚集形成的老年斑。传统用来治疗阿尔兹海默症的药物主要包括乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂卡巴拉汀、加兰他敏、多奈哌齐,和N-甲基D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂美金刚等,但是这些已上市药物虽可以减缓疾病病程和缓解症状,却无法最终治愈疾病。阿尔兹海默症的发病机制复杂且尚无定论,缺乏对疾病的病理进程的正确认知是导致尚无可以逆转病程的药物的根本原因,阿尔兹海默症发生机理及相关靶点仍亟待深入探究。文章将对近年阿尔兹海默症热门靶点以及相关治疗药物进行综述,以期为药物研发提供更多的思路。

Alzheimer’s disease is a multiple neurodegenerative disease and main cause of dementia. The main incidence group is 65 years old and above,and it also occurs in other age groups. The main pathological phenomena of Alzheimer’ s disease are senile plaques formed by intracellular nerve fiber tangles and extracellular amyloid aggregation. Current medications for Alzheimer’s disease include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors( carbamastatin,galantamine,donepezil) and N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonist( memantine). These marketed drugs can slow the pathogenesis of the disease and relieve symptoms,but cannot ultimately cure the disease. The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease is complex and inconclusive. Basically,the main reason for failing to discover drugs that can cure the disease is a lack of systematic knowledge of pathological process of the disease. This article has reviewed the popular targets of alzheimer’ s disease and related therapeutic drugs in recent years,with a view to provide more ideas for drug development.