中蒙日韩绿氢战略合作构想

Strategic Cooperation among China,Mongolia,Japan and South Korea in Developing Green Hydrogen

碳中和背景下,中日韩三国为了达成减排承诺对绿氢有庞大的潜在需求,而东北亚地区,尤其是蒙古国与中国内蒙古地区拥有巨量的可再生能源开发潜力。据此,建议中蒙日韩可考虑在蒙古国及中蒙之间戈壁地区合作大规模开发风、光发电并电解水制绿氢,绿氢既可以直接作为能源商品输出至中日韩广大下游市场,也可就地用于煤基碳氢化工、生产高附加值化工产品后再行输出。该构想既符合我国的"一带一路"战略,也是在生态环境和地缘政治意义上践行人类命运共同体的重要举措,同时也与亚太主要国家的氢能发展战略相符,还可以从根本上奠定蒙古国沙漠化治理的基础。我国的可再生能源产业链和大规模基础设施建设能力,以及日韩参与合作情况下可提供更先进的氢能与燃料电池技术,为该构想的实施提供了技术基础。根据测算,蒙古国和我国内蒙古地区风、光发电制取绿氢并输出到中日韩三国市场,经济性上是有可能达到与传统能源竞争的。具体实施时,应采取以点带面、分步发展、国内示范先行、国际协同的总体原则,以此带动国内产业链发展和技术成熟,再逐步延伸和辐射至跨境项目。

In the context of carbon neutrality,China,Japan and South Korea have a huge potential demand for green hydrogen in order to achieve emission reduction commitments,while Northeast Asia,especially Mongolia and Inner Mongolia,has a huge potential for renewable energy development.Therefore,it is suggested that China,Mongolia,Japan and South Korea may consider the cooperation in large-scale development of wind and solar power generation and water electrolysis for green hydrogen production in Mongolia and the Gobi region between China and Mongolia.Green hydrogen can not only be directly exported as an energy commodity to the vast downstream markets of China,Japan and South Korea,but also be used in coal-based hydrocarbon chemical industry for production of high value-added chemical products before export.This concept is not only in line with China’s Belt and Road Initiative,but also an important measure to practice a community of shared future for mankind in the sense of ecological environment and geopolitics.Also it is in line with the hydrogen energy development strategies of major Asia-Pacific countries,and can fundamentally lay the foundation for desertification control in Mongolia.China ′s renewable energy industry chain and large-scale infrastructure construction capacity as well as the participation of Japan and South Korea in providing more advanced hydrogen energy and fuel cell technologies provide technical basis for the implementation of this concept.Ac-cording to the calculation,it is possible for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia to produce green hydrogen by wind and solar power generation and export it to the markets of China,Japan and South Korea,which is economically competitive with traditional energy sources.In the specific implementation,the general principles of "point to area", "step by step", "domestic demonstration first" and "international coordination" should be adopted,so as to drive the development of domestic industrial chain and technology maturity,and then gradually extend and radiate to cross-border projects.