互联网平台灵活就业群体的社会保障困境与制度优化路径

The Social Security Dilemma of the Flexible Employment Group Under Internet Platform and System Optimization Access

新业态下互联网平台灵活用工模式应运而生。互联网平台灵活就业群体既不同于标准劳动关系下的全日制用工,又不同于非标准劳动关系下的劳务派遣和非全日制用工,与平台企业之间呈现出平等主体间的合作关系。这使得建立在正式稳定就业、劳动关系基础上的社会保障无法适应数字经济下迅速发展的新业态灵活就业情形。互联网平台灵活就业群体面临社会风险应对机制的缺失和社会保障不充分的困境。借鉴世界发达国家灵活就业群体社会保障权益实现的路径,我国社会保障改革应在突破劳动关系约束的基础上实现制度的包容与创新。以党的十九大精神和国家“十四五”规划纲要为指引,以“全民社会保护”目标框架为参照,在创新意外伤害、失业风险应对机制,促进医疗服务公平、可及,确保养老保险权益公平性,加大政策普及力度等方面进行制度优化,“拆包式”分步提供社会保障项目。

Internet platform flexible employment is flourishing under digital economy.The flexible employment group displays a civil and cooperative relationship with platform enterprises,which is not only different from full-time employment under the standard labor relations,but also different from labor dispatch or part-time employment under the non-standard labor relations.This makes the traditional social security based on formal employment related with labor relations hard to adapt to the situation of flexible employment under platform economy.The group of flexible employment of the new economy faces lack of social-risk-coping mechanism and inadequate social security.According to the experience to realize the social security rights and interests of flexible employment groups from the developed economy,the inclusive and innovative path of social security reform that breaks through the constraints of labor relations can be adopted in China.Guided by the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress and the requirements of the 14th Five-year Plan and followed by the objective framework of"social protection for all",the system can be improved by innovating the dealing mechanism for accidental injuries and unemployment risks,by realizing the fairness and accessibility of healthcare,by ensuring the equity of pension rights,and by increasing the familiarity of policies.Then the social security plans should be provided in a classified and unpackaged way gradually.