“丧偶式育儿”的类型、影响及本质

The Types,Influence and Essence of“Widowed Parenting”

“丧偶式育儿”是当前我国家庭教育实践领域中受到热议的现象,它与单亲家庭、隔代抚养既有相似性又有显著区别。就其显著区别而言,这一现象揭示的是家庭教育中父母分工的失衡,以及由此导致的一方对另一方的不满或抱怨。“丧偶式育儿”有四种类型,即“典型的丧偶式育儿”“形式上的丧偶式育儿”“潜在的丧偶式育儿”“非丧偶式育儿”。基于首都师范大学家庭教育研究中心2019年《全国家庭教育现状调查问卷》数据的分析发现,从总体发生率来看,“典型的丧偶式育儿”并不普遍,但是其对孩子个体发展的负面影响广泛存在。“丧偶式育儿”的本质是夫妻关系不融洽,从而导致亲子关系质量不佳。“丧偶式育儿”现象揭示了父母之于家庭教育的责任,其中最核心的问题是如何“做父母”。树立正确的家庭教育责任观、倡导父母共同担责、重视和谐夫妻关系的建构将有助于降低“丧偶式育儿”的发生,提升家庭教育的质量,促进孩子个体健康发展。

“Widowed parenting”is a phenomenon that is hotly discussed currently in the field of family education practice in China.It has both similarities and significant differences with single parent family and inter-generational rearing.In terms of its significant difference,this phenomenon reveals the imbalance of parental division of work in family education and the resulting dissatisfaction or complaint of one partner to the other.There are four types of“widowed parenting”,namely,“typical widowed parenting”,“formal widowed parenting”,“potential widowed parenting”and“non-widowed parenting”.Based on the analysis of the data from the“National Family Education Status Questionnaire”conducted by Center for the Study of Family Education in 2019,Capital Normal University,it is found that“typical widowed parenting”is not common in terms of overall incidence,but its negative impact on children’s individual development is widespread.The essence of“widowed parenting”is that the relationship between husband and wife is not harmonious,which leads to the poor quality of parent-child relationship.The phenomenon of“widowed parenting”reveals the responsibility of parents for family education,among which the core problem is how to“be a parent”.Establishing a correct concept of family education responsibility,advocating the shared parental responsibility and attaching importance to the construction of harmonious husband-wife relationship will help to reduce the occurrence of“widowed parenting”,improve the quality of family education,and promote the individual development of children.