西方文化传统与马克思思想的起源

The Tradition of Western Culture and the Origin of Marx's Thought

离开西方文化传统和社会发展的土壤,不可能客观而到位地把握和理解马克思思想的形成及其发展。就其思想的起源期的情形看,“特里尔传统”及其所蕴含的宗教因素构成马克思成长和运思的背景或底色,人文经典的熏陶使他最初“以情感来观照人性和理解世界”,受“原子论”的影响,他超越情感完成了思维方式的跃迁,而启蒙意识和系统思维更成为其深刻的社会批判的基本条件和理论素质。马克思后来思想的发展和建构确实带有强烈的批判成分,但实际上他之批判具有典型的“德国哲学式”特征,决不是弃之不顾、彻底打碎、颠覆重来,而是在深刻剖析、反思基础上的扬弃和超越,是在深厚文化积淀基础上的传承和推进,是源自涓涓溪流逐步汇聚而成的滔滔大海,是滥觞之上的勃兴。

The formation and development of Marx's thought would not be well comprehended without the understanding of the tradition of Western culture and social development.In respect of the situation when Marx's thought originated,“The Trier Tradition”and the religious factor within it formed the background of his growth and thought;the classical humanities and works edified him to“observe the humanity and understand the world with emotion”;under the influence of atomism,he went beyond the emotional method and realized a leap in the way of thinking;and the consciousness of Enlightenment and the systematic thought had even become the basic conditions and theoretical qualities of Marx for his profound criticism on society.In the later development and construction of his doctrine,some strong critical features could definitely be found.However,his criticism possesses typical “German Philo-sophical”characteristics.That means his thought is absolutely not the total abandonment or the thorough obliteration of the tradition of culture,nor is the fresh restart of it,but the suhlation and transcendence based on incisive analysis and reflection,the inheriting and promotion grounded on rich cultural accumulation.It is just like a billowy sea converged by trickling rivers.It is the prosperity after the origination.