一种“前理论的”实践概念如何可能?——论海德格尔对实践概念的存在论化

How is a “Pre-theoretical” Concept of Practice Possible?—On Heidegger's Ontologization of the Concept of Practice

要想理解《存在与时间》等海德格尔核心文本中所提出的“理论与实践的原初统一性”,必须首先回到亚里士多德关于人类活动的三分法之上。一方面,理论与制作性实践之间具有某种连贯性和统一性;另一方面,本真的人生实践又有别于非本真的日常性制作实践,这体现了实践的二重性。实践的二重性,建基于对实践概念的存在论化,并非对应于不同的活动类型和课题域,毋宁说,它揭示了两种理解实践的方式:“理论—制作”的方式与前理论、合乎生活实践本身的方式。因此,海德格尔从“理论”到“实践”的道路转换,并不是在传统的理论与实践二分框架内的跳跃,而是首先看到这一框架本身的统一性,然后尝试跃出这一框架。在这个意义上,一种真正“前理论”的实践概念才是可能的。

To understand the original unity of theory and practice proposed in Heidegger's core texts such as“Being and Time”,we must first return to Aristotle's triad of human activities.On the one hand,there is a certain coherence between the theory and the production,which is the inauthentic form of practice.On the other hand,the authentic life practice is different from the inauthentic daily practice,which embodies the duality of practice.The duality of practice,based on the ontologization of the concept of practice,does not correspond to different types of activities and subject areas.Rather,it reveals two ways of understanding practice:the theoretical and pre-theoreti-cal approach.Therefore,Heidegger's transformation from“theory”to “prac-tice”is not a leap in the traditional framework of theory and practice,but first of all to see the unity of the framework itself,and then try to jump out of it.It is in this sense that a“pre-theoretical”concept of practice is possible.