多元复合装饰技术在瓷质砖上的应用研究

Study on the Application of Composite Multi-process Decorating Technology on Porcelain Tiles

通过普通喷墨、丝网印刷、辊筒印刷以及其组合的方式,在瓷质砖坯体的瓷质装饰面材层上形成装饰纹理,然后印刷瓷质印刷面料,最后渗透喷墨装饰赋予瓷质砖明艳的色彩纹理和丰富的层次感。通过XRD、SEM、TG/DSC、热膨胀系数分析等测试,分别对瓷质印刷面料和瓷质抛光砖坯体的晶相组成、微观结构、热处理过程中经历的化学反应、两者的热膨胀系数匹配性等进行了细致分析,并对瓷质印刷面料的印刷参数、多元着色技术与传统着色技术的优缺点等进行了探索和比较。研究表明,瓷质印刷面料配方组成中Al2O3含量为16%~22%,K2O+Na2O含量为5%~8%,可得到良好的瓷质砖表面耐磨性和防污性;瓷质印刷面料和瓷质抛光砖坯体的晶相组成较为接近,主要为石英和莫来石等,保证了瓷质砖良好的表面耐磨性;瓷质印刷面料与瓷质坯体发生结构水脱除(520.79℃和526.33℃)和铝硅尖晶石析出(997.27℃和994.57℃)等化学变化温度点十分接近,前者体膨胀系数(190.2×10-7/℃)略小于后者(215.3×10-7/℃),使得两者匹配性良好。瓷质印刷面料的粘度控制在20~50 d Pa·s,比重控制在1.60~1.80 g/cm3,丝网目数选用60~150目可以得到较好的印刷装饰效果。经实际应用发现,多元着色技术兼具丝网或辊筒印刷发色明艳,以及普通或渗透喷墨图案设计可控的优点,因而装饰色彩和层次更丰富,纹理更自然。

The decorative textures are formed on the porcelain surface layers of the porcelain bodies by means of ordinary inkjet printing,screen printing,roller printing and their combinations,and then the novel printing porcelain surface materials are printed.And finally colorful textures and rich sense of hierarchy are given by penetrating inkjet printing.By means of XRD,SEM,TG/DSC,thermal expansion coefficient analysis tests,the crystal phase compositions and micro morphologies,chemical reactions during heat treatment,and thermal expansion coefficient matching of the novel printing porcelain surface materials and porcelain tile bodies have been carried out in detailed analysis,respectively.The printing parameters of the novel printing porcelain surface materials and comparison between the composite multi-process decorating technology and traditional coloring technology are also researched.The researches indicate that the content of Al_(2)O_(3) and Alkali earth metal oxides are 16%〜22%and 5%〜8%,respectively,which can obtain good surface wear resistance and antifouling property of the porcelain tiles.The crystalline phase composition of the novel printing porcelain surface materials is similar with that of polished porcelain tiles bodies,which includes mainly quartz and mullite so as to ensure the good surface wear resistance of the porcelain tiles.The temperatures of chemical reactions in the novel printing porcelain surface materials are similar to that in porcelain tile bodies,whereas the thermal expansion coefficient of the former(190.2×10^(-7)/℃)is slightly lower than that of the latter(215.3×10^(-7)/℃).Therefore,they match well during the firing.The viscosity of the novel printing porcelain surface materials need to be controlled in 20-50dPa s,the specific gravity has to be controlled in 1.60〜1.80 g/cm^(3).Besides the mesh number of silk mesh is selected 60~150 meshes to obtain better printing and decoration effect.In conclusion,the composite multi-process decorating technology combines the advantages of bright color and controllable design,resulting in richer decorative colors and hierarchies and more natural textures.