论投保欺诈行为的法律规制——以保险人解除权与撤销权的适用为视角

On the Legal Regulation of Insurance Fraud:from the Perspective of the Application of Insurer's Right of Re⁃scission and Revocation

对于投保欺诈行为的规制,在保险法上可以适用保险人解除权,在合同法上可以适用撤销权,二者行权方式、除斥期间、法律效果均存在差异。对于二者的适用,学理上和实践中素有排除适用与选择适用之争。基于保险法中最大诚信原则与对价平衡原则的考量,投保欺诈行为的法律规制有其法理基础。出于定分止争之目的,对于投保欺诈的法律规制,在立法论尚无可能之际,可以依解释论路径赋予保险人选择适用的权利;在立法论可能之时,可以依立法论路径完善不可抗辩条款适用的除外情形。

For the regulation of fraudulent acts of insurance,the insurer's right to rescind can be ap⁃plied in the insurance law,and the right to revoke can be applied in the contract law,and there are differenc⁃es in the way of exercising the right,the scheduled period and the legal effect between the two.There is a con⁃troversy between the exclusion and selection of the application of the two in doctrine and practice.Based on the doctrine of utmost good faith and the principle of balance of consideration in insurance law,the legal regu⁃lation of insurance fraud has its legal basis.For the purpose of resolving the dispute,the legal regulation of in⁃surance fraud can be achieved by giving insurers the right to choose to apply between the two aforementioned routes when the legislative path is not yet possible,and the exclusion of the application of the incontestable clause can be amended according to the legislative path when the legislative path is possible.