E3泛素连接酶调控种子休眠与萌发

E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination

蛋白泛素化是一个依次由泛素激活酶(E1)、泛素结合酶(E2)和泛素连接酶(E3)共同介导的多级酶联反应,是一种在所有真核生物中普遍存在的翻译后修饰方式。大量研究表明,蛋白泛素化主要通过调节靶标蛋白的稳定性、亚细胞定位等方式,在植物多个发育阶段(例如种子发育、种子休眠和萌发、根系生长等)以及诸多非生物胁迫响应中起调控作用。种子是种子植物的重要繁殖体,也是重要的农业产品和生产资料,精确调控种子的休眠水平和萌发过程,对于植物物种繁衍、地理分布、农作物产量质量等至关重要。文章在简要介绍蛋白泛素化修饰过程的基础之上,系统总结了泛素化过程相关基因参与调控种子休眠与萌发过程中的分子功能及其互作网络,并就该领域未来的研究热点和方向进行了讨论。

Protein ubiquitination is a multistage enzyme-linked reaction mediated by ubiquitin-activating enzyme(E1),ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme(E2)and ubiquitin ligase enzyme(E3),and is also a common protein post-translational modification in all eukaryotes.A large number of studies have shown that protein ubiquitination plays a regulatory role in multiple developmental stages of plants(such as seed development,seed dormancy and germination,root growth)and in many abiotic stress responses,mainly by regulating the stability and subcellular localization of target proteins.Seeds are important propagators of seed plants and important agricultural products and means of production.Accurate regulation of dormancy level and germination process of seeds is of great importance to plant species reproduction,geographical distribution,crop yield and quality.Based on the brief introduction of protein ubiquitination modification processes,the molecular functions and interaction networks of ubiquitination related genes involving in regulation of seed dormancy and germination are systematically summarized,and the future research hotspots and directions in this field are discussed and presented.