多功能金属石墨纳米囊的生物医学应用进展

Recent Progress of Versatile Metal Graphitic Nanocapsules in Biomedical Applications†

多功能金属石墨纳米囊由于其良好的稳定性和独特的理化性质,在生物医学领域受到了广泛关注.利用石墨烯外壳独特的拉曼散射特征峰作为拉曼标签或者内标,结合等离子体纳米核优异的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)和双光子发光(TPL)性能,可实现SERS生物分析以及肿瘤细胞或组织的Raman/TPL双模成像.利用表面积大的石墨烯外壳作为药物负载平台,结合等离子体纳米核的近红外光吸收能力,可实现光介导的病原菌杀灭以及肿瘤细胞或实体瘤的热疗与化疗的协同治疗.此外,利用石墨烯外壳优异的荧光猝灭性能,还实现了生物分子的荧光检测;利用磁性纳米核独特的磁学性能,可实现生物样品的分离和富集、细菌的原位磁共振成像检测以及磁靶向胃部口服药物的递送.本综述首先介绍了金属石墨纳米囊的制备、分类和性质,然后概述了它们在生物检测、生物成像和治疗3个方面的应用进展,并进一步总结了它们的发展现状包括生物毒性和生物医学应用的优缺点,最后对其在生物医学领域的发展方向做出了展望.我们期望多功能的金属石墨纳米囊能够为今后的临床生物医学应用提供可靠的纳米平台.

Versatile metal graphitic nanocapsules have aroused extensive research interest in biomedicine due to their superior stability,good biocompatibility and unique physicochemical properties.Based on the unique Raman scattering characteristic peaks of the graphitic shell as a Raman label or internal standard,combining the superior surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)and two-photon luminescence(TPL)performance of the plasmonic nanocore,SERS bioanalysis and Raman/TPL dual-modal imaging of tumor cells or tissues have been realized.Based on the graphitic shell with large specific surface area as the drugs loading platform,combining the nearinfrared light absorption capacity of the plasmonic nanocore,light-mediated pathogen killing and synergistic hyperthermia and chemotherapy of cancer cells or solid tumors have been realized.In addition,fluorescence detection of biomolecules has been realized based on the excellent fluorescence quenching performance of the graphitic shell;separation and enrichment of biological samples,in-situ magnetic resonance imaging detection of bacteria and magnetic targeted oral drug delivery in stomach have been rea-lized based on the unique magnetic properties of magnetic nanocore.This review firstly introduces the preparation,classification and properties of metal graphitic nanocapsules,then outlines the recent progress of their extensive applications in biodetection,bioimaging and therapy,and further summarizes their development status including biotoxicity study and pros,cons in biomedicine,their future prospects in biomedical applications are eventually highlighted.We expect the versatile metal graphitic nanocapsules will offer a robust nanoplatform for future clinical biomedical applications.