1920年河南易督风潮中赵倜转向与直皖易势

Zhao Ti's(赵倜)Turns and the Change of Balance of Power between Zhili Clique and Anhui Clique during the Political Unrest Caused by Substitution of Provincial Military Governors in 1920

1919年至1920年,民国北京政府发生权势重心转移,直皖互疑,对抗加深,具有重要政治地理位置的河南,成为双方争夺的焦点。豫督赵倜的出身和崛起路径令其在政界缺乏奥援。袁世凯去世后,赵倜媚皖以求生存,实际左右观望,皖系准备更换豫督,导致易督风潮。赵倜因皖直对其去留态度不同,由媚皖走向恚皖,直到附直反皖,导致直皖易势,这是战争爆发及直胜皖败的重要原因之一。赵倜随势而动既是基于其派系属性,更是时局大势对个人抉择的深刻影响。但派系竞逐中无论谁胜,最终仅是派系的胜利。他们越深度介入中央,就越意味着国家和政治的衰落和失序。易督风潮成为北洋政府走向衰落的转折之一。

There was a shift of power center in the National Government in Beijing from 1919 to 1920,when Zhili Clique(直系)and Anhui Clique(皖系)suspected each other deeply and their competition deepened as well.As a consequence,Henan Province,which was known for its significant political and geographical position,became the focus of the contention of the two cliques.Zhao Ti(赵倜)who was the governor of Henan lacked powerful support because of his political background.After the death of Yuan Shikai,Zhao Ti flattered Anhui Clique for his survival and he also waited to see the actual political situation.Afterwards,the Anhui Clique wanted to substitute the provincial military governor of Henan.Because the attitudes toward Zhao Ti held by Zhili Clique and Anhui Clique were quite different,he changed from flattering to being angry with the Anhui Clique until he turned to Zhili Clique and going against the latter,which resulted in the imbalance between the two sides,and was also one of the important reasons leading to the outbreak of war and the winning of Zhili Clique.Zhao Ti's change of behavior not only based on his faction property,but also due to the profound influence imposed by the current situation on personal choices.However,no matter who won in the competition among different cliques,it is the success of the clique in the end.The deeper they got involved in the management of the central government,the more declining and disorderly the country and politics are.The political unrest caused by governor substitution of Henan became one of the turning points of the decline of Beiyang Government.