美国对尼泊尔民主植入政策述论

An Analysis of American Democracy Implantation Policy to Nepal

1950年尼泊尔革命前后,美国逐步确立起对尼泊尔民主植入政策,借此推动其民主改革西式化。为引导1959年赢得尼泊尔首次普选的大会党选择西方民主制、亲美并反制中苏,美国主动提升美尼交往层级,全方位协助尼泊尔新政府巩固执政地位。1960年底马亨德拉国王解散内阁和议会,尼泊尔国内出现政治危机。美国提议其与大会党和解,重启民主改革,但国王却建立起具有本国特色的评议会体制,开启符合本国国情的民主改革之路。出于南亚遏制战略的客观需要与顾及美印关系的主观考量,美国不得不搁置西化尼泊尔的目标。尽管美国高层外交搭台、援助做饵,但因不适用于对象国的客观条件及与之相关的地缘环境,对尼泊尔民主植入时常面临作用极其有限的结构性困境,这一政策的最终破产在所难免。

Around the Nepalese revolution in 1950,the United States gradually established the policy of democracy implantation to Nepal,so as to promote its democratization.In order to guide the Congress Party,which won the first general election in 1959,to be pro-American and counter China and the Soviet Union,and to truly choose western-style democracy,U.S.government took the initiative to upgrade the level of official contacts and provided all-round assistance to the new government to consolidate its ruling position.At the end of 1960,king Mahendra dissolved the cabinet and parliament,which resulted in a political crisis.The U.S.State Department proposed reconciliation between the king and the Congress Party and the resumption of democratic reforms,but the king established a parliamentary system according to the national conditions of Nepal.Due to the containment strategy of the Cold War,the United States was forced to shelve the goal of embedding western-style democracy in Nepal and suffered a setback in its policy adjustment.This shows that the American western democratic implantation supplemented by high-level diplomacy with the bait of aid is bound to face the embarrassing situation of extremely limited function and influence due to the situation of the Third World.