分化型甲状腺癌相关基因的研究进展

Research progress of genes related to differentiated thyroid carcinoma

近年来,随着高分辨率超声和甲状腺细针抽吸细胞学检查技术的应用,甲状腺癌的检出率逐渐升高。虽然分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者多数预后较好,但也有部分患者易发生颈部淋巴结转移或肺、骨、脑等远处转移,甚至出现病灶的失分化,从而导致预后不良。目前,国内外许多研究结果表明,基因突变在DTC的发生、发展以及预后等方面发挥着重要的作用,且相关基因的抑制剂可以为一些病灶失分化的患者带来新希望,对临床医师的决策具有重大指导意义。笔者对目前DTC中常见的基因突变的机制及其临床意义进行综述。

Over the recent years,the detection rate of thyroid cancer gradually increases due to the application of high resolution ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration cytology.Although most of the patients with differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC)have sound prognosis,some patients easily develop cervical lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis to lung,bone and brain.In worse cases,dedifferentiation of lesions will occur,leading to poor prognosis.At present,many studies at home and abroad have shown that gene mutation plays an important role in DTC occurring and developing process,as well as in its prognosis.Inhibitors of relevant genes are regarded as a new hope to patients with dedifferentiation of focus,and they are of great significance to the guidance of clinician’s decision.The mechanism and clinical significance of common gene mutations in DTC are reviewed in this paper.