以马斯洛需要层次论为指导的干预对白内障手术患者自我感受负担、生活质量的影响

Effect of intervention guided by Maslow’s need hierarchy on self-perceived burden and quality of life in patients undergoing cataract surgery

目的:探讨以马斯洛需要层次论为指导的干预对白内障手术患者自我感受负担、生活质量的影响。方法:选择2017年3月-2019年3月拟于某医院行白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术的124例(124眼)老年患者,根据数字法随机分为对照组与研究组各62例(62眼)。对照组患者给予常规干预,研究组以马斯洛需要层次论指导进行干预。比较两组自我感受负担、自我管理能力、生活质量及患者满意度差异。结果:研究组术后1周的SPB量表经济负担评分与对照组比较无显著性差异,身体负担(t=-4.273,P<0.001)、情感负担(t=-6.157,P<0.001)评分及总分(t=-7.213,P<0.001)均显著低于对照组;研究组术后1个月的认知症状管理(t=9.785,P<0.001)、疾病管理(t=8.274,P<0.001)、日常生活行为管理(t=9.387,P<0.001)评分均显著高于对照组;研究组术后1个月的调节能力(t=22.968,P<0.001)、远视力(t=7.755,P<0.001)、读和精细工作(t=20.328,P<0.001)、日常生活能力(t=10.525,P<0.001)评分显著高于对照组;经干预,研究组患者总满意率显著高于对照组(χ2=4.593,P<0.05)。结论:以马斯洛需要层次论为指导对白内障手术患者进行干预,可减轻患者自我感受负担,提高其自我管理能力与生活质量,更能获得患者满意。

Objective:To explore the effect of intervention guided by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs on self-feeling burden and quality of life of patients undergoing cataract surgery.Methods:A total of 124(124 eyes)elderly patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in our hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 were selected and randomly divided into study group and control group(each 62 cases, 62 eyes)according to the digital method.Control group was given routine intervention, and study group was given intervention guided by Maslow need hierarchy theory.The differences of self-perceived burden, self-management ability, quality of life and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The economic burden score of SPB scale at 1 week after surgery was not significantly different from that in control group, and the scores of body burden(t=-4.273,P<0.01)and emotional burden(t=-6.157,P<0.01)and total score(t=-7.213,P<0.01)were significantly lower than those in control group.One month after surgery, the scores of cognitive symptom management(t=9.785,P<0.01),disease management(t=8.274,P<0.01)and daily life behavior management(t=9.387,P<0.01)were significantly higher in the study group than that in the control group.One month after surgery, the scores of adjusting ability(t=22.968,P<0.01),distance vision(t=7.755,P<0.01),reading and fine work(t=20.328,P<0.01)and daily living ability(t=10.525,P<0.01)of low vision quality of life questionnaire(CLVQOL)in control group and study group were significantly increased compared with those on the 1 st d of admission. After intervention, the total patient satisfaction rate in study group was significantly higher than that in control group(χ2=4.593,P<0.05).Conclusion:Intervention guided by Maslow need hierarchy theory for patients with cataract surgery can relieve the self-perceived burden, improve the self-management ability and quality of life, and better gain patient satisfaction.