鄱阳湖长江江豚的现状和保护展望

Population status and conservation outlooks of Yangtze finless porpoise in the Lake Poyang

长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)是一种小型齿鲸,仅分布在长江中下游干流和洞庭湖及鄱阳湖中,其种群数量仅约1000头,极度濒危.鄱阳湖是长江江豚最重要的栖息地之一,估算种群数量约450头,是长江江豚最后的避难所.本文系统地总结了鄱阳湖长江江豚种群生态学、保护遗传学和保护生物学的研究进展,着重探讨了各种人类活动对其种群迁移活动的影响,并对鄱阳湖长江江豚种群面临的威胁、保护对策和未来研究方向等进行了总结和展望,以期为今后的保护工作提供借鉴.

Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)is now likely the sole cetacean in the Yangtze River,which is only distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River mainstem,Lake Dongting and Lake Poyang.The population size is only about 1000 and critically endangered.As the most critical habitat of Yangtze finless porpoise,Lake Poyang is the last refuge of Yangtze finless porpoise with an estimated population size of about 450.This paper is a systematic summary of the research progress on the population ecology,conservation genetic and conservation biology of the Yangtze finless porpoise population in the Lake Poyang,with emphasis on the influence of various human activities on its population migration activities,and concluding remarks and outlook on the threats to Yangtze finless porpoise population in Lake Poyang,conservation measures and future research directions,aiming to provide a reference for the related conservation.