“英美霸权和平转移论”的底层逻辑

The Underlying Logic of“the Theory of Peaceful Transition of Anglo⁃American Hegemony”

冷战后,中国国际关系研究领域出现了一种流行观点,即英美之间的霸权转移是以和平方式进行的。对这一观念的重新考察表明,“英美霸权和平转移论”赖以存在的前提和史实都不无争议,且其传播带有意识形态色彩。首先,将和平视为没有战争的状态,可能是一定历史时期、地域和文化等背景下的社会意识,已经遭到越来越多的质疑。其次,即使以消极和平观作为判断依据,英美之间没有直接战争,并不等同于英美霸权转移过程中没有发生战争。最后,对“英美霸权和平转移论”源头和传播背景的追溯表明,其理论带有明显的美国中心论和文化霸权等意识形态色彩,隐含着对非西方国家的敌视情绪。在构建中国学科体系、学术体系和话语体系的时代要求下,对这一观念的重新审视具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。

After the Cold War,a popular view appeared in the field of International Relations Studies in China,that is,the transition of hegemony between Britain and the United States was carried out in a peace⁃ful way.The premise and historical facts on which the theory of peaceful transition of British and American hegemony rests are not without controversy,and its spread is colored with ideology.Firstly,peace is regar⁃ded as a state without war,which may be a social consciousness under the geographical and cultural back⁃ground of a certain historical period.Secondly,even if the negative view of peace is taken as the basis of judgment,the absence of direct war between the United Kingdom and the United States does not mean that there was no war during the hegemony transition between British and American.Finally,the paper traces back the origin and spreading background of the theory of“peaceful transition of Anglo⁃American hegemo⁃ny”,which shows that the theory has obvious ideological colors such as American centralism and cultural hegemony,and implies hostility to non⁃western countries.Under the requirement of the Times of construc⁃ting Chinese discipline system,academic system and discourse system,the re⁃examination of this concept has certain theoretical value and practical significance.