锦江牛及西锦杂交牛的皮肤与汗腺特性

The characteristics of skin and sweat glands of Jinjiang cattle and of its hybrid with Simmental

试验旨在比较锦江牛及其与西门塔尔杂交牛(西锦杂交牛)皮肤与汗腺特征,探讨锦江牛皮肤耐热性和发汗能力可否延续至杂交后代。选取健康且体重相近(380±10)kg的西锦杂交牛和锦江牛,取颈、肩、背、腹、臀和腿部皮肤样品,测定皮肤厚度,并借助苏木精-伊红染色法(HE)、过碘酸-雪夫(PAS)和阿利新蓝-过碘酸-雪夫(AB-PAS)染色法,对汗腺、皮脂腺的形态特征和表皮厚度进行观察与测量。测量数据的统计分析结果显示,不同品种和部位,对表皮厚度和皮肤厚度均存在显著影响(P<0.01或P<0.05),同时锦江牛颈部和臀部皮肤厚度显著大于两品种的其他部位(P<0.05),西锦杂交牛和锦江牛腿部皮肤厚度显著小于两品种的其他部位(P<0.05),西锦杂交牛腹部和锦江牛背部的表皮厚度大于两品种的其他部位且显著大于颈部和腿部(P<0.05)。西锦杂交牛和锦江牛的汗腺和皮脂腺分泌物均为中性和酸性混合物,腺细胞胞质中均无糖原,并且汗腺均为顶浆囊状分泌型腺体,皮脂腺均为葡萄状、多叶且分支的全浆分泌型泡状腺。品种×部位对汗腺和皮脂腺的密度和形态特征存在显著影响(P<0.05),但两品种各部位汗腺和皮脂腺深度差异不显著(P<0.05)。锦江牛所具有的瘤牛特色皮肤结构在西锦杂交牛后代上亦有体现,具有杂交优势。

This experiment was conducted to analyze the skin characteristics of Jinjiang cattle and Simenthal×Jinjiang cattle, such as sweat glands, and to see whether the ability of Jinjiang cattle’s skin to tolerate heat and sweating can be continued in its hybrid generation. A total of 8 healthy adult bulls(4 Simenthal×Jinjiang cattle and 4 Jinjiang cattles) were used, body weight(380±10)kg, and different skin regions(at the neck, shoulder, back, abdomen, buttocks and leg) were harvested to measure the skin thickness, and further measure the morphological parameters of the sweat and sebaceous glands and the epidermis thickness, using Hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE), Periodic Acid-Schiff stain(PAS) and Alcian blue-periodic acid sthiff(AB-PAS) staining. The results were that breed×region played a significant role in the thickness of the epidermis and skin of the cattle(P<0.01 or P<0.05). The skins at the neck and buttocks of the Jinjiang cattle was significantly thicker than those at the other regions of the two breeds(P<0.05), but that at the leg of the Simmental×Jinjiang cattle was significantly thinner than at the other regions of the two breeds(P<0.05). The epidermisat the abdomen of the Simmental×Jinjiang cattle and that at the back of the Jinjiang cattle were thicker than at the other regions of the two breeds, and significantly thicker than that at their neck and leg(P<0.05). The sweat glands of the Simenthal×Jinjiang cattle and the Jinjiang cattle were both apocrine and bursiform, and the sebaceous glands were both grape-like and vesicular. The secretions of sweat glands and sebaceous glands of both the Simenthal×Jinjiang cattle and the Jinjiang cattle were neutral and acidic, and no glycogen was observed in the cytoplasm of their glandular cells. A significant difference was detected in the morphological characteristics of sweat and sebaceous glands at different body regions of the Simenthal×Jinjiang cattle and Jinjiang cattle(P<0.05). Breed×region had a significant influence on the density and morphological characteristics of their sweat and sebaceous glands(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the depth of sweat and sebaceous glands among different body regions of the two breeds( P<0. 05). The skin characteristics of Jinjiang cattle,similar to those of Zebu,were also present in its hybrid generations of Simmental×Jinjiang cattle,which further show the heterosis of the breed.