建筑中人员在室时空特征的指标定义与调研分析

Index Definition and Investigation Research of Temporal-spatial Traits of Building Occupancy

建筑中人员在室行为及用能模式是影响建筑能耗的重要因素。人员在室情况"部分时间部分空间"使用模式与连续运行的"全时间全空间"模式相比,会造成空调、采暖能耗显著差异。为了综合反映建筑中的人员在室时空特性,本研究提出了定量刻画人员在室"部分时间部分空间"特征的指标,人员在室部分时空比(Occupancy Part Time Part Space Ratio,OPPR),并对我国城镇住宅进行了入户的问卷调查,利用调研数据分析了城镇住宅建筑中人员在室时空特性及OPPR指标的分布特点、相关因素。最后,本研究对人员在室OPPR与空调系统运行ACPPR的对比分析进行了应用和讨论。

The indoor behavior and energy consumption patterns of occupants in buildings are important factors that affect building energy consumption. There is a dramatic difference in energy consumption of building heating,ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) between the operation mode of "partial space during segmented time"mode and "full space for all time"mode. In order to comprehensively reflect the characteristics of the temporal-spatial trait of building occupancy pattern,this study proposed an index,OPPR (Occupancy Part Time Part Space Ratio), to quantitatively describe the "partial space during segmented time " characteristics of occupancy pattern. In addition,a household questionnaire survey was conducted to collect and analyze the occupancy temporal-spatial pattern in urban residential buildings and the distribution features and related factors of OPPR. Finally,the future application of OPPR and further application of ACPPR in building cooling systems were discussed.