广州社区绿化环境对居民自评健康的邻里影响

The neighborhood effect of residential greenery on residents’ self-rated health:A case study of Guangzhou, China

良好的城市生态环境有益于居民的健康福祉。至今鲜有研究阐明绿化环境对中国城市居民健康的心理—社会—行为机制。本文运用广州调查问卷数据、遥感影像数据和百度街景数据,提取多种社区绿化指标,并运用多层线性回归模型和中介效应分析技术,阐明社区绿化环境影响居民自评健康的路径和机制,定量测度社区绿化环境的健康效应在不同社会群体间的差异。研究发现:(1)社区绿化水平与居民的自评健康水平存在显著关联;(2)社区绿化通过缓解心理压力提升居民的自评健康水平;(3)社区绿化的健康效应在不同收入群体和不同性别群体之间存在明显差异,表现为社区绿化水平与健身时长和心理压力的关系,中低收入群体强于高收入群体,女性群体强于男性群体。本文以期丰富健康地理学视角下的绿化环境与公共健康的实证研究,并为健康社区建设和人居环境提升提供科学依据。

Urban natural environment especially greenery environment has been consistently linked to better health outcome. Previous studies have shown that the greenery environment of neighborhood is related to residents’ health, but scant attention has been paid to biopsychosocial pathways through which neighborhood greenery affects resident’ wellbeing. In addition, a limited number of studies have evaluated the healthy pathways between neighborhood greenery and residents’ wellbeing among Chinese vulnerable groups in urban setting. Based on neighborhood effect, three potential mediating pathways(namely, increasing physical activity duration, reducing psychological stress and facilitating social interaction)linking neighborhood greenery to residents’ self-rated health were explored from 757 participants of Guangzhou, China. In view of questionnaire data involving 30 communities and greenery data obtained from remote sensing image and streetscape data and etc., this research employed multilevel linear regression model and mediating effect model and propensity score matching method to examine biopsychosocial pathways and mechanism linking neighborhood greenery to residents’ self-rated health, as well as the difference among different social strata(e.g. different income and gender groups). According to this empirical analysis, the following conclusions can be achieved. Firstly, residential neighborhood greenery is significantly associated with residents’ self-rated health outcome. Secondly, reduction in psychological stress is a kind of pathway linking residential neighborhood greenery to residents’ self-rated health.Thirdly, the impact of neighborhood greenery on residents’ self-rated health differs significantly among different social strata, and neighborhood greenery has greater impact on the self-rated health of low-middle income residents and female residents group, which means the beneficial effect of reduction in psychological stress on self-rated health is strengthened by neighborhood greenery. This research findings enrich the empirical research on greenery environment and public health from the perspective of health geography, and suggest the necessity of improving active spatial intervention and greenspace construction of the "healthy community" at the neighborhood scale in promoting residents’ wellbeing in Chinese urban settings.