区位因素影响下高铁站区产业结构特征——基于POI数据的实证分析

Industrial structure of high-speed railway station areas under the influence of location:Empirical evidences from POI data

高铁站被视为拉动城市经济增长的新型空间,研究其周边产业结构对指导高铁站区的开发具有重要意义。本文选取了全国范围内9个不同区位、不同等级的高铁站为研究对象,以高铁站周边3000 m范围内10类产业的POI信息作为研究数据,通过Ripley’s K函数、核密度估计和产业指数等方法探索不同区位下高铁站区的产业结构特征。研究发现:(1)当高铁站的等级规模相同时,高铁站距离城市中心越远,站区内产业POI总数一般就越少。其中,购物服务、餐饮服务、生活服务和公司企业4类产业的POI数量显著高于其他产业。(2)所有高铁站区的产业在1500 m的观测距离内均呈现出显著的集聚分布特征。其中,中心站产业集聚程度的变化较为平缓,城区站产业集聚程度最高,变化幅度也更大,而新城站的规律特征不明显。(3)中心站的产业集聚区域主要分布在高铁站周边0~2500 m的范围内,城区站的产业集聚现象在500~2500 m范围内较为明显,而新城站的产业集聚区域则集中在0~1500 m、2000~3000 m的范围以内。(4)基本服务产业和衍生服务产业主要集中于内圈层和中间圈层,相关服务产业则主要分布在中间圈层和外圈层,各圈层内产业复合特征明显,且高铁站越远离城市中心,其对产业的辐射作用越弱,产业衰减趋势也越明显。基于以上结论,本文认为未来高铁站区的产业开发更应关注土地开发集约化和产业发展复合化。

High-speed railway(HSR) station is regarded as a new type of space for driving urban economic growth, and studying its surrounding industrial structure is of great significance to guide the development of HSR station areas. In this paper, nine HSR stations with different locations and different levels in China are selected as the research object. The Point of Interest(POI) information data of 10 industries within 3000 m around the HSR station are used as the research basis. Based on the Ripley’s K function, kernel density estimation and industrial indexes, the characteristics of industrial distribution of HSR station areas in different locations are explored. Our result indicates that when the grade of high-speed rail stations is the same, the farther the high-speed rail stations are from the city center, the smaller the total number of industrial POIs in the station area. Among 10 kinds of industries, the number of POIs in four types of industry, namely, shopping services, catering services, life services and companies, is much larger than that of other industries. Secondly, all industries in the HSR station areas show a significant agglomeration within an observation distance of 1500 m. In terms of the industrial agglomeration degree, the change of the central station is relatively gentle, the change of the urban station is the highest, and the change range is greater, and the regularity of new-town station is not obvious. Thirdly, the industrial agglomeration area of the central station is mainly distributed in the range of 0-2500 m around the high-speed rail station,the industrial agglomeration area of the urban station is more obvious in the range of 500-2500 m, and the industrial agglomeration area of the new-town station is concentrated in the ranges of 0-1500 m and 2000-3000 m. Fourthly, the basic service industry and derivative service industry are mainly concentrated in the inner and the middle circle layers, and the related service industries are mainly distributed in the middle and the outer circle layers. The compound characteristics of the industries in each circle layer are obvious, and the farther away from the city center, the weaker the radiation effect on the industry, the more obviously the trend of industry decays. Finally, based on the research findings, it is believed that the government should pay more attention to the intensification of land development and the integration of industrial development while developing the industries in HSR station areas.