人工纳米颗粒对微型藻类的毒性效应及其机制

Toxic effect and mechanism of manufactured nanoparticles on microalgae

随着纳米技术的飞速发展和人工纳米颗粒(manufactured nanoparticles,MNPs)的广泛应用,释放到环境中的MNPs不断增多,MNPs的环境行为及生态效应一直是国内外研究的热点.由于水生生态系统的复杂性,目前MNPs对藻类的毒性机制仍不明确.本文以藻类为模型,综述了MNPs在水环境中的行为,重点探讨了MNPs的理化性质和环境因子对MNPs生物毒性的影响和调控机制.系统总结了碳基MNPs、金属基MNPs、量子点及有机聚合物对藻类的致毒效应.基于复合污染的真实环境,本文还重点总结了MNPs与环境中共存污染物的复合效应,并从生物终端指标和组学指标两个方面揭示了MNPs的潜在毒性机制.最后,分析了目前纳米毒理学研究中存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期更好地认识MNPs的环境和生态安全性问题,以便更好地促进MNPs的可持续发展.

With the rapid development of nanotechnology and the wide application of manufactured nanoparticles(MNPs),the large amount of MNPs were released into the environment.The environmental behavior and ecological effects of MNPs have been the hotspots.Due to the complexity of aquatic ecosystem,the toxic mechanism of MNPs on algae is still unclear.In this paper,the behavior of MNPs in the aquatic environment was reviewed.Meanwhile,we emphatically discussed the effect of physical and chemical properties of MNPs and environmental factors on the biological toxicity of MNPs and the regulatory mechanism of algae.The toxic effects of carbon-based MNPs,metal-based MNPs,quantum dots and organic polymer on algae were systematically summarized.Considering the real environment containing various pollutants,this paper also focused on the combined effects of MNPs and coexisting pollutants.The potential toxicity mechanism of MNPs was revealed from two aspects of biological terminal index and omics index.Finally,the existing problems were analyzed in the research of nanotoxicology,and the future research direction was prospected,in order to better understand the environmental and ecological safety of MNPs for promoting the sustainable development of MNPs.