基于LCA的铸造静压造型线环境影响分析

Environmental Impact Assessment of Casting Hydrostatic Pressure Molding Lines Based on Life Cycle Assessment

为综合评估铸造静压造型生产线制造过程对环境的影响,以某型号铸造静压造型生产线为研究对象,基于生命周期评价方法构建了评价模型,重点结合其典型结构及生产工艺过程,对静压造型线产品制造的气候变化指标(GWP)、初级能源消耗(PED)与水资源消耗(WU)进行了计算分析。结果表明,GWP、PED、WU指标分别为8.7286×10^(5)kg CO_(2)eq.,1.105×10^(7)MJ,2.56×10^(6)kg H_(2)O;静压造型生产线研制过程各部件的环境影响水平与其部件重量呈正相关性,对环境影响贡献率最高为砂箱台车;对GWP指标优化降低最有效部件为静压线主机,对PED指标优化降低最有效部件为液压系统,对WU指标优化改进最有效部件为钢结构。研究表明,典型机电装备的轻量化设计、选用更为清洁低耗生产的原材料、采用更为节能的加工工艺是降低其环境影响指标的主要路径。

In order to comprehensively evaluate the impact of the manufacturing process of the casting hydrostatic pressure molding lines on the environment,this paper takes a certain type of hydrostatic pressure lines as the research object,and constructs an evaluation model based on the life cycle assessment(LCA).Combining with its typical structure and production process,the climate change(GWP),primary energy demand(PED)and resource depletion-water(WU)of the hydrostatic pressure lines are analyzed.The results illustrate that the calculation results of the GWP,PED,and WU indicators are 8.7286×10^(5)kg CO_(2)eq.,1.105×10^(7)MJ,2.56×10^(6)kg H_(2)O,respectively.The environmental impact level of each component in the development process of hydrostatic pressure lines is positively correlated with its component weight,and the highest contribution rate of environmental impact is sand box trolley.The hydrostatic line main engine is the most effective component toreduce the GWP index,the hydraulic system is the most effective component to reduce the PED index,and the steel structure is the most effective component to optimize and improve the WU index.The research shows that the main ways to reduce the environmental impact index of mechanical and electrical equipment are the lightweight design of typical mechanical and electrical equipment,the selection of cleaner raw materials and the use of more energy saving processing technology.