造血干细胞移植治疗骨髓型急性放射病的研究进展

Research progress in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for bone marrow acute radiation syndrome

核武器爆炸或核物质泄漏导致的核事故,短时间内会造成急性放射病。人体接受剂量>0.7 Gy辐射可导致骨髓持久抑制即急性放射病,引起全血细胞减少、出血、感染等损伤。大量研究显示,造血干细胞移植是治疗骨髓型急性放射性疾病的主要手段。造血干细胞可以修复骨髓造血损伤,改善造血微环境,促进造血重建。在使用造血干细胞移植术前选择供者、制定预处理方案及预防移植物抗宿主病等并发症的方案仍需要研究,本文主要概述了造血干细胞移植在辐射损伤中的应用及研究进展。

As is known,the nuclear accident resulting from the explosion of a nuclear weapon or the release of nuclear material could cause acute radiation syndrome within a short time.The study had found that the dose of>0.7 Gy radiation on human body can result in persistent myelosuppression,a kind of acute radiation syndrome,leading to pancytopenia,bleeding,infection and other injuries.Several evidences also have shown that hematopoietic stem cell is conducive to repair hematopoietic injury in bone marrow,improve hematopoietic microenvironment and promote hematopoietic reconstruction.Therefore,hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is widely considered as the main treatment of the bone marrow acute radiation syndrome.However,before a surgery of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,it still needs more research on donor selection,formulation of preconditioning and prevention of complications such as graft-versus-host disease.This paper mainly summarizes the application and research progress of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in treating radiation injury.