病毒主权及其惠益共享问题研究

Research on virus sovereignty and benefit sharing

印度尼西亚于2007年提出的“病毒主权”主张使病毒及其惠益共享问题引发广泛争议,经世界卫生组织协调最终形成PIP框架以作回应。在厘清病毒资源相关概念并解释《生物多样性公约》的有关规定后,病毒主权要求仍有其不合理之处。就病毒惠益的共享而言,现行框架并没有规定强制分享义务。在逆全球化的背景下,各国对病毒惠益的利益分歧难以调和,依靠条约等硬法来解决病毒惠益分享的难题往往徒劳无功。软法日益成为当下协调各国共同利益和规范价值观的重要工具,且考虑到病毒惠益分享的软法管制倾向,不妨引导成员国构建进行病毒相关惠益的多边共享的软法框架并辅以监管机制,以期解决全球卫生治理中的病毒惠益共享困境。

Indonesia’s"virus sovereignty"claim in 2007 caused widespread controversy over the sharing of viruses and their benefits,which was finally coordinated by WHO to develop a PIP framework in response.After clarifying the concept of virus resources and interpreting the relevant provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity,the claim of virus sovereignty still has its irrationality.As far as the sharing of virus benefits is concerned,there is no compulsory sharing obligation in the current sharing framework.Under the background of anti-globalization,it is difficult to reconcile the differences of interests of virus benefits among countries,such as treaties,to solve the problem of sharing virus benefits in vain.Considering the soft-law regulation tendency of sharing the benefits of virus,it is advisable to guide the member states to construct a soft-law framework for sharing the benefits of virus in order to solve the problem of sharing the benefits of virus in global health governance.