向“深地”和“深海”进军征途中——地幔矿物学岩石学地球化学十年进展

On the Way to the“Deep Earth”and“Deep Sea”——Ten Years’Progresses in Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry of the Mantle

21世纪第二个十年(2010-2020)是我国矿物岩石地球化学蓬勃发展的十年,是从克拉通破坏到造山带演化,从大陆到大洋岩石圈,从深度到广度全面进军的十年,亦是从追赶到超越的十年。这十年我国矿物岩石地球化学家在地幔矿物学、岩石学和地球化学领域取得了众多突破性进展。这些进展集中在两个方面:一是来源于地幔直接样品的,如地幔矿物学、大陆和大洋岩石圈、造山带橄榄岩和地幔中的水;二是来源于幔源岩浆的,如大陆和大洋玄武岩、基性-超基性杂岩体和火成碳酸岩。特别需要指出的是,非传统稳定同位素即金属稳定同位素新方法(如Li、Mg、Fe和Ca同位素等)的开发和广泛应用,大大提升了我国地幔岩石学和地球化学研究进程,实现了从追赶到超越的历史性跨越。

The second decade of the 21st century(2010-2020)is a decade of vigorous developments in mineralogy,petrology and geochemistry in China of various fields from the craton destruction to orogenic belt evolution and from the continental to oceanic lithospheres,is a decade of comprehensive march from the depth to breadth,and is also a decade of the development from catching up to surpassing in mineralogical,petrological and geochemical researches.In the past decade,the mineralogists,petrologists and geochemists in China have made many breakthroughs in mineralogy,petrology and geochemistry of the mantle.These advances are mainly focused on two aspects including those of researches on direct samples of the mantle,such as mantle mineralogy,continental and oceanic lithospheres,peridotite of orogenic belt,and water in mantle;and those of researches on samples of magmatic rocks derived from the mantle,such as continental and oceanic basalts,basic and ultrabasic complexes,and igneous carbonatite.In particular,the development and wide application of new methods for analyzing non-traditional stable isotopes or metal stable isotopes(such as Li,Mg,Fe and Ca isotopes,etc.)have greatly promoted the research progress of mantle petrology and geochemistry in China,and achieved a historic leap from catching up to surpassing in researches on petrology and geochemistry of the manle.