大学转型发展的时代呼唤

The Call of the Times for the University Transformational Development

高等教育是国家发展的基石,高等教育转型发展是建设创新型国家的动力源。在百年未有之大变局的时代,我国整体的高等教育体系和各种高等教育机构都亟须转型。以大学为基本概念,探讨什么是大学转型发展和西方大学转型发展的经验,以及我国大学转型发展的特殊性。认为:西方国家的大学在千年历史中经历了多次转型,其发展“型态”逐步稳定;我国大学在百年历史中也经历了多次转型,但并没有形成稳定的本土化“型态”,完全照搬西方国家的大学模式已无法适应我国建设创新型国家的需要。大学转型发展是一个系统工程,包括教育观念转变、制度转型、组织转型、学科转型、专业转型、人才培养模式转型等。我国大学转型发展有自己的特殊性,不仅要摆脱以往的路径依赖,更要从制度尤其是文化层面深入探讨转型的中国模式和经验。

Higher education is the cornerstone of national development,and the transformational development of higher education is the power source of constructing an innovative country.In an era of momentous changes unseen in a century,the system and various institutions of higher education are in urgent need of transformation in China.Taking“university”as the basic concept,this article explores the connotation of university transformational development,the experience of Western universities in this aspect,and the particularities of the transformational development of Chinese universities.Western universities have undergone many transformations in its thousandyear history,and its development“pattern”has gradually stabilized.However,there is no stabilized and localized“pattern”has been formed in China with hundred years of transformational development.Completely copying the model of Western countries can not meet the needs of constructing an innovative country in China.The university transformational development is a systematic project,including the educational concept transformation,systematical transformation,organizational transformation,discipline transformation,professional transformation and talent training model transformation.The transformational development of Chinese universities has its own particularities.It is not only necessary to get rid of the dependence on the previous model,but also to explore the Chinese model and experience of transformation from the systematical,especially cultural level.