合作经济与集体经济:形态转换与发展方向

Cooperative Economy and Collective Economy:Form Transformation and Development Direction

合作经济、合作社是当下最为混乱的两个概念。自从马克思、恩格斯创立了科学社会主义学说后,合作经济也出现了空想社会主义和科学社会主义的分野,前者在资本主义国家的实践中演化为比较符合实际的罗虚代尔式合作社模式,后者则应用于社会主义国家的农业改造。新中国成立后,合作经济完成了从罗虚代尔式向科学社会主义式即集体经济的转变;20世纪80年代初期改革后,一条路径是罗虚代尔式的专业合作社,一条路径是产权制度改革后逐渐吸收了罗虚代尔原则的(股份)经济合作社。两条路径逐渐融合,成为新发展阶段中国农民共同发展的方向。

Cooperative economy and cooperative are the two most confusing concepts at the moment.Since Marx and Engels founded the theory of scientific socialism,the cooperative economy has also promoted a distinction between utopian socialism and scientific socialism.The former has evolved into a more practical Rochdale-style cooperative mode in the practice of capitalist countries,while the latter has been applied to agricultural transformation in socialist countries.After the founding of new China,the cooperative economy has completed the transition from the Rochdale-style to the scientific socialist style,that is,the collective economy.After the reforms in the early 1980 s,one path was the Rochdale-style professional cooperative,and the other path was the(shared)economic cooperative which had gradually absorbed the Rochdale principle after the property rights system reform.The two paths have gradually merged and become the development direction of China’s cooperative economy.