后疫情时代下全球治理体系变革面临的挑战及中国选择——基于实验主义治理视角的分析

Challenges to the Reforming of Global Governance System in Post-COVID-19 Era and China's Choice:An Analysis Based on the Perspective of Experimentalist Governance

作为公共卫生领域的全球性危机,新冠肺炎疫情以极端的方式镜鉴了人类社会所面临"黑天鹅"与"灰犀牛"事件的层叠交错,并凸显了当前全球治理体系中的"供需鸿沟"。作为影响国际关系的一个重要变量,新冠肺炎疫情加速了世界格局与国际秩序中各种要素的变化及其作用机制的发生。其结果是,在后疫情时代下,国际权力结构变迁下的国际秩序"漂流"、地缘经济秩序强化下的"经济主权"回归、机制碎片化加剧下的全球治理"肌无力"以及国际共识弱化下的"价值基石"瓦解等要素的交织共振,将催化百年未有之大变局,并加剧国际社会所面临的不确定性。作为一种新型的多元主义治理理论,实验主义治理被视为是不确定性情景之下,解决治理有效性与合法性难题的一个重要工具。借鉴实验主义治理的价值理念、运行机制及实践经验,能够为全球治理体系的改革提供新思路。有鉴于此,本文认为,中国在推动全球治理体系改革的过程中,可以通过对价值理念和框架性目标的共塑来推动全球治理体系的改革、以治理机制灵活性的增强来提升全球治理体系的效用、以经验知识的生产与交换来推动全球治理体系的自我学习、以国际评估的设置与完善来促进全球治理体系的优化,继而在渐进性探索的实践中,更好地应对不确定性倍增的全球治理难题。

As a global crisis in public health,the COVID-19 pandemic is an ex-treme example of the interlocking“black swan”and“gray rhino”events facing hu-man society,and highlights the“gap between supply and demand”in the current global governance system.As an important variable affecting international relations,the new epidemic has accelerated the changes of various elements in the world landscape,international order and its mechanisms of processing.So,after COVID-19,the intertwined resonance of the drift of international order under the change of international power structure,the return of economic sovereignty under the strengthening of geoeconomic order,the severe inefficiency and ineffectiveness of global governance under the intensification of institutional fragmentation,and the disintegration of value cornerstones under the weakening of international consensus,will catalyze the process of the unprecedented changes of the century and intensify the uncertainty facing the international community.As a new type of pluralist governance theory,experimentalist governance is regarded as an important tool to solve the problem of governance effectiveness and legitimacy in the scenario of uncertainty.Drawing lessons from the value concept,operating mechanism and practical experience of experimentalism governance can provide new ideas for the reforming of the global governance system.In view of this,this paper holds that China can promote the reform of global governance system by co-shaping the values and frame work objectives,enhance the effectiveness of global governance system by increasing the flexibility of governance mechanisms,strengthen the self-learning of global governance system by producing and exchanging empirical knowledge,and promote the optimization of the global governance system through the establishment and improvement of international assessments,so as to better cope with the challenges of global governance as uncertainties multiply in the practice of progressive exploration.