居住迁移背景下邻里环境对幸福感的影响——不同生命历程阶段的差异

Impacts of neighborhood environment on subjective well-being under the background of residential mobility:Difference in people of different life course stages

邻里作为城市居民基本的日常生活空间,对人们的生活有着重要的影响。尤其是近年来随着居住迁移的普遍发生,邻里环境与居民幸福感关系更加复杂。人们对邻里环境的偏好和选择受到所处生命历程阶段的影响,但目前鲜有研究探讨不同生命历程阶段的邻里环境和幸福感之间的关系。论文基于广州市的调查问卷数据,选取在不同生命历程阶段有居住迁移行为的712个样本,并按生命历程阶段分别构建模型进行研究。结果表明:邻里环境对个体幸福感影响在不同生命历程阶段存在差异,邻里公共环境的整洁性更有助于提升青年早期的幸福感,邻里关系的和睦性更有助于提升老年阶段的幸福感,而设施的便利性在整个生命历程阶段都可以有效提升幸福感。居住迁移对邻里环境与幸福感的关系起到一定的调节作用,尤其是在中年和老年阶段更加明显。随着迁移时长的增加,感知邻里环境与幸福感的关系得到强化,而客观邻里环境的影响不断削弱,邻里环境的改善可以更有效地提升短距离迁移居民的幸福感水平。

As the basic daily living space of urban residents, neighborhood has an important impact on people’s life. Especially in recent years, with the common occurrence of residential mobility, the relationship between neighborhood environment and residents’ subjective well-being has become more complicated. People’s preference and choice of neighborhood environment are affected by the stage of their life courses. However,there exist few studies that explored the relationship between neighborhood environment and subjective wellbeing in different life course stages. Using the survey data collected in Guangzhou City, China, this study selected the samples with residential mobility behaviors in different life course stages, and constructed models according to the life course stages. The results show that the impact of the neighborhood environment on residents’ subjective well-being is different in people of different life course stages. The cleanliness of the neighborhood public environment is more helpful for improving the subjective well-being of early youth, the harmony of the neighborhood relationship is more helpful for improving the subjective well-being of elderly residents, and the convenience of access to facilities can effectively improve subjective well-being throughout the life course. Residential mobility moderates the relationship between neighborhood environment and subjective well-being, especially in middle-aged and old age population. With the increase of residential time since the last move, the relationship between perceived neighborhood environment and subjective well-being is strengthened, while the impact of objective neighborhood environment is weakened. The improvement of neighborhood environment can more effectively improve the subjective well-being of short-distance migration residents.