土壤侵蚀中的片蚀研究综述

Sheet Erosion Study in Soil Erosion:A Review

土壤侵蚀制约着社会、经济、环境的协调发展,危害极大,片蚀是坡面土壤侵蚀过程的第一阶段,又是土壤坡面水蚀过程中分布面积最大且最为复杂和独特的侵蚀类型。研究片蚀过程和机理对于深入揭示坡面水蚀机制,建立区域水蚀模型具有重要意义。归纳总结了国内外现有的片蚀研究现状,包括片蚀动力学过程与机理,雨滴动能、降雨强度、坡度、植被覆盖、土壤类型和地表粗糙度对片蚀的影响,坡面片蚀分离、搬运及其限制性过程,基于不同影响因子的坡面片蚀预测模型等,虽然学者从各个角度定性定量地研究了片蚀对不同影响因子的响应,但是研究仍存在一定的区域限制性,因此可进一步开展相关研究建立具有广泛应用性的片蚀预测模型。研究结果可为我国水土流失综合治理及生态文明建设提供科学依据。

Soil erosion is extremely dangerous which can restrict the balanced development of society,economy,and environment. Sheet erosion belongs to the first stage of the soil erosion process,and it is the largest and most complex and unique type of erosion in the process of water erosion. Studying the process and mechanism of sheet erosion is of great significance to reveal the mechanism of water erosion and establish regional water erosion models. This article summarizes the current researches of sheet erosion:(1) the dynamic process and mechanism of sheet erosion,(2) the influences of raindrop kinetic energy,rainfall intensity,slope steepness,vegetation cover,soil type and surface roughness on sheet erosion,(3) the detachment-limited process and transport-limited process of sheet erosion and(4) sheet erosion prediction models based on different influencing factors,etc. Although scholars have qualitatively and quantitatively studied the response of sheet erosion to different influencing factors,the current researches still have certain regional limitations. Therefore,relevant researches can be further carried out to establish widely applicable sheet erosion prediction models. The results can provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive management of soil erosion and the construction of ecological civilization in China.