动物的复仇,抑或人性的畸变——论托卡尔丘克长篇小说《糜骨之壤》的生态叙事

Revenge of Animals or Distortion of Human Nature——On the Ecological Narration of Tokarczuk’s Novel Pokot

长篇小说《麋骨之壤》是2018年获得诺贝尔文学奖的波兰作家托卡尔丘克的代表作之一。该小说聚焦于动物保护主义者的凄厉诉求和悲惨命运,把犯罪谋杀故事的通俗性和生态叙事的先锋性融于一体,呼唤现代人生态意识的觉醒,超越物种歧视,与其他自然生命共生共荣。该小说题材独树一帜,构建了一种孤独个人反抗庸众的启蒙叙事,其互文和反讽手法增强了小说的艺术魅力。不过,该小说缺乏动物视角和复调叙事,生态维度和灵魂维度缺乏平衡,从而使其思想深度和艺术魅力都受到了一定的限制。

The novel Pokot is one of the representative works of the Polish writer Tokarczuk who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 2018.The novel focuses on the miserable demands and tragic fate of animal protectionists,integrates the popularity of crime and murder stories with the vanguard nature of ecological narration,and calls for the awakening of modern people’s ecological consciousness,transcending species discrimination and coexisting with other natural life.The theme of the novel is unique,which constructs a kind of enlightenment narrative of lonely individuals against mediocrity.The use of intertextuality and irony greatly enhances the artistic charm of the novel.However,the novel lacks animal perspective and polyphonic narration,and lacks balance between ecological dimension and soul dimension,which limits its ideological depth and artistic charm.