公共卫生事件的刑事防控及其展开——论妨害重大传染病防治行为的罪与罚

Criminal Prevention and Control of Public Health Events and Its Expansion——A Discussion of the Crime and Punishment towards Obstructing the Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases

基于我国公共卫生刑事防控体系现有规范内容,比较国内外公共卫生刑事治理模式,指出我国刑事防控体系中存在的具体问题与困境。公共安全法益的精细化发展使得危害公共安全系列罪名边界虚化;非立法性规范的准立法活动扰乱了法治体系的应然模式;行政治理与刑事治理衔接失调不利于行刑二元规制体制的建立。对此,本文重申了法治原则、比例原则以及明确性原则在公共卫生刑事防控中的重要地位,尝试构建起行政与刑事“二次评价”路径来解决行政制裁与刑事制裁之间的连结问题。在具体的治理过程中,仍然应当厘清刑事违法评价的要素内容。

Based on the existingcontent of Chinese criminal prevention and control system about public health,this paper compares the domestic and foreign criminal management modes of public health,and points out the specific problems and difficulties existing in Chinese criminal prevention and control system.The refined development of public security interests makes the boundary of a series of crimesblurred,especially for the public security;The quasi-legislative activities of non-legislative norms disturb the proper mode of the rule of law system;The maladjustment between administrative governance and criminal governance is not conducive to the establishment of dual regulation system of execution.Therefore,this dissertation reiterates the important position of the principle of rule of law,the principle of proportion and the principle of clarity in criminal prevention and control of public health,and tries to build a“secondary evaluation”path between administration and criminal to solve the connection problem between administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions.In the specific governance process,it is still necessary to clarify the elements of criminal illegal evaluation.