北京市昌平区草莓夜蛾科害虫新发情况调查与识别特征介绍

Investigation and Identification Characteristics of Strawberry Noctuidae Pests in Changping District of Beijing

从2016年起,北京市昌平区不断有莓农反映草莓田出现大“肉虫子”危害,部分棚室受害较重。为全面了解其发生种类、发生时期和发生程度,为莓农开展防控提供依据,2018—2020年,于每年8月至翌年5月对昌平区主要草莓生产园区展开调查,记录相关发生情况,对部分不易识别的幼虫,通过饲养获得成虫,逐步明确北京昌平新发夜蛾科幼虫有甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)、棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)3种,其中甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾最为常见。上述3种害虫的幼虫在9—12月草莓开花期前,主要为害叶、嫩枝等,低龄幼虫喜取食嫩枝,造成枝芽破碎、叶片穿孔或仅存叶柄,随着龄期的增加,甜菜夜蛾和棉铃虫可取食周边叶片造成缺刻、大穿孔,果实膨大后,3种幼虫均可取食果实,但田间仍以甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾较为常见。最后,根据发生特点,从生态防治、理化诱控、药剂防治3方面提出了综合防控建议。

From 2016,some strawberry farmers in Changping district of Beijing provided information that there were many large larvae appeared in their strawberry fields,and it was seriously damaged in some greenhousees.In order to know the pest species and related occurrence period or degree better and to provide proofs for strawberry farmers to make control decision,investigations were done in most strawberry park in Changping district from August to May of the next year in 2018-2020.During these surveys,pest species and occurrence information were recorded.For those unrecognizable larvae species,they were collected by raised.After surveying for three years,there were three noctuid pests,including Spodoptera exigua(Hübner),Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)and Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner),which occurred in strawberry fields in Changping,and S.exigua and S.litura were the most common.Three noctuid larvae mentioned above mainly damaged leaves and stem before the flowering stage and could lead to broken leaves,small hole or only stem left to strawberry from September to December.With the growth of larvae,feeding of S.exigua and S.litura could result in eroded leaves or big hole.During fruit stage three larvae species could feed on fruits but S.exigua and S.litura occurred often.In the end,according to the occurrence characteristics,comprehensive prevention and control suggestions were put forward from three aspects,such as ecological prevention and control,physical and chemical inducement control and chemical prevention and control.