顺昌县柑橘冻害发生规律及其防御措施

Occurrence Laws and Defense Measures of Freeze Injury of Citrus in Shunchang County

为了解冻害的发生规律及冻害对柑橘产业的影响,作者对顺昌县柑橘冻害的情况进行调查,结果显示,顺昌县2020年冬季气温特点为冻前重旱,冻害期间极端低温低、低温持续时间长、昼夜温差大。对不同品种的耐寒力调查发现,平和蜜柚受冻最严重,冻害指数高达96.4;芦柑受冻程度最轻,冻害指数仅为19.0,从冻害指数可知不同品种的耐冻力为芦柑>天草>甘平>夏橙>大分早蜜>金秋沙糖橘>沃柑>大雅柑>爱媛38>不知火>平和蜜柚。对不同树龄芦柑受冻情况的调查发现,幼龄树和老树的抗冻能力较差。此外对不同坡向果园的调查发现,东坡的柑橘受冻较重,北坡较轻。通过顺昌县柑橘冻害发生规律分析,本文提出了相应的防冻技术措施供果农参考。

In order to understand the occurrence law of freeze injury and its influence on citrus industry,status of freeze injury of citrus in Shunchang County was investigated.The results showed that there were some characteristics of air temperature in Shunchang County in 2020,including serious drought before freeze injury occurred,low degree of extreme low temperature during freeze injury occurred,long time under low temperature,and large difference between day and night.Investigation on cold tolerance of different varieties showed that pomelo‘Pinghemiyou’had the most serious freeze injury and its freeze injury index reached 96.4.Pokan had the least freeze injury and its freeze injury index was 19.0.Based on freeze injury index,pokan had the strongest cold tolerance,Amakusa tangor had the second strongest,others were‘Ehime Kashi No.42’,Valencia orange,early-maturity Oita satsuma mandarin,‘Jinqiu shatangju’mandarin,‘Orah’mandarin,‘Dayagan’,‘Ehime Kashi No.38’,Shiranuhi tangor,and‘Pinghemiyou’in turn.Investigation on freeze of pokan with different tree ages showed that young tree and old tree had the lowest freeze resistance.Investigation on orchards at different slopes showed that citrus at eastern slope had the serious freeze injury while citrus at northern slope had the low freeze injury.Through analysis of occurrence laws of freeze injury of citrus in Shunchang County,the paper proposed some corresponding anti-freeze technological measures as references for farmers.