庙见礼与《周南·葛覃》题旨的形成

Temple Ceremony and the Formation of the Theme of zhounan Getan

《葛覃》治葛、师氏、归宁等描写均透露出其与昏礼有关。葛之长成、女子受教于师氏,需历经三月,若以庙见礼释之,则能更好地解释这首诗的主旨。孔子熟悉这一礼制,故言此诗合乎人性、人情,意为嫁入夫家而不忘父母的人之常情。诗篇原本描述的是初嫁女子行庙见之礼而成妇的过程,齐、鲁、毛对于诗旨的解说纠结于已嫁与未嫁,逐渐偏离原义。《齐诗》言其为已嫁,《鲁诗》以之为未嫁,两者差异甚明。《毛诗》试图调和两说,言为妇道,事夫念亲之思遂曲解为后妃勤俭的本性,从而使诗旨确立为“后妃之本”的解释。后世学者不断推衍诗义,使得其阐释愈行愈远。

The description of treating pueraria lobata,the master and rejoining her parents in Getan is related to wedding.It takes three months for pueraria lobata to grow up and to be made into cloth and for a girl to be taught by her master to be a skillful one qualified for marriage.The main idea of the poem can be better explained if temple ceremony is considered.Confucius was familiar with this ritual and said that the poem was in line with human nature---it was natural for a woman to marry into her husband's family without forgetting her parents.The poem originally describes the process of becoming a woman at her marriage after the temple ceremony.Its interpretations were entangled with being married or unmarried,gradually deviating from its original meaning.Qi Poetry was for being married,Lu poetry was for being unmarried,while Mao poetry tried to reconcile the two opposing views,saying that it was about women ethnics---serving her husband and missing her parents were then misinterpreted as the nature of the wife's diligence and frugality,thus establishing the purpose of the poem as"the foundation of the wife".Later scholars continued to derive the meaning of the poem,making its interpretation more and more deviant.