从思想解放和新启蒙运动关系中重温朦胧诗论争

Reviewing the Debates over the Misty Poetry from the Relationship Between the Ideological Emancipation and the New Enlightenment Movement

发生于20世纪80年代的朦胧诗论争,从一开始就受到“思想解放运动”和“新启蒙运动”的深刻影响,带有鲜明的时代特征。朦胧诗论争的焦点是当代诗歌话语权争夺,双方依据不同的诗学传统评价朦胧诗:一种为左翼文学、延安文学、十七年文学所建构的人民的、社会主义的现实主义诗学传统;一种是“五四”开拓的现代主义、个人主义、世界性的文学传统。论争出现新诗两种方向的较量:一种是大众化、民族化的诗学方向;一种是现代性、世界性的诗学方向。关于朦胧诗的论争远远超出朦胧诗本身,进入到中国现代诗歌传统和未来方向的讨论。从朦胧诗论争与20世纪80年代思想解放运动、新启蒙运动的关系中考察,激辩仍然围绕着改革开放、思想解放、走向世界的时代大潮展开。改革开放、思想解放的时代背景既构成第三代诗人群体“反叛”朦胧诗的根由,也构成90年代以后,谢冕、孙绍振等“崛起派”代表人物反思“新诗潮”的内在动因。

The debates over the Misty Poetry that took place in the 1980s was deeply influenced,from the very beginning by the“Ideological Emancipation Movement”and the“New Enlightenment Movement”of the times.The focus of the Debates over the Misty Poetry was the fight for the discourse of contemporary poetry on the evaluation of the Misty Poetry by two sides according to different literary poetics tradition:one is the“people’s”,“socialism”and“realism”poetics tradition constructed by left-wing literature,Yan'an Literature and“Seventeen Years”Literature;the other is the modernist,individualistic and cosmopolitan literary tradition developed by the May 4th Movement.In the process of the debate,it shows the contest between the two directions of new poetry,one is the direction of popular and national poetics,the other is the direction of modern and world poetics.Therefore,the debates over the Misty Poetry went far beyond the Misty Poetry itself and developed into the discussion of the tradition and future direction of modern Chinese poetry.However,it can be inspected from the relationship between the Ideological Emancipation and the New Enlightenment Movement that the debates over the Misty Poetry still revolved around the general trend of thought of the Reform and Opening up and going to the world.This background not only constituted the desire of the third generation of poets to“rebel against”the Misty Poetry,but also formed the internal motivation of the representatives of“the rise school”such as Xie Mian and Sun Shaozhen to reflect on the“New Poem Tide”after the 1990s.