社会、家庭、个体:社会性别理论下女性旅游就业影响因素研究

Society, Family and Individual: The Factors Influencing Women's Employment in Tourism Approached from Gender Theory

以南浔古镇为案例地,采用深入访谈法、观察法和文献分析法研究影响女性旅游就业的因素。研究发现中国独特的社会性别文化是影响女性参与旅游就业的重要因素,体现在三个层面:(1)社会层面包括社会性别文化对女性角色的期待、性别平等理念意识的发展和婚姻观念的转变;(2)家庭层面包括工作与家庭的协调、在家庭中的经济地位的提高和对家庭的生活责任感;(3)个体层面包括经济利益的驱使、文化教育背景、性格和兴趣、以往工作经历、现有工作认知、女性独立观念的显现和以及一些客观因素。

Taking the old town of Nanxun as the field of investigation,the paper investigates the factors influencing women’s employment in tourism by using the methods of interview,observation and literature analysis.We find that China's unique gender culture is the major factor influencing women's employment in tourism.To be specific:(1)at social level,it includes expectation of social gender role,awareness of gender equality,and understanding of marriage;(2)at family level,it encompasses compatibility between work and family,improvement of economic status in family and responsibilities towards family;and(3)at individual level,it includes economic interests seeking,personality tastes,education and work experiences,expectations of current job,ideas of women’s independence and some objective factors.