地铁列车变截面风道内部结构优化研究

Structural optimization of the tapered air ducts of a subway train

受车辆限界及车顶设备安装空间的限制,地铁列车车顶送风风道常出现截面突变现象,使风道送风均匀性下降,影响客室气流组织和温度均匀性,导致车内环境舒适性劣化。针对某型地铁列车送风风道高度及宽度突变问题,采用模型试验和数值仿真相结合的方法,分析风道沿程阻力与客室各送风口风量之间的关系,并在不改变风道几何外形的前提下,开展风道高顶部分内部导流结构优化,降低气流在风道内运动过程中的阻力损失,提升送风均匀性,同时解决风道截面突变区域局部回流问题,优化后风道最大阻力降低16 Pa,整体送风均匀性提升44.25%。

Due to the limitation of subway train gauge and installation space of roof equipment,the air supply duct on the roof of subway train often has the phenomenon of sudden change of cross-section,which reduces the uniformity of air supply in the air duct,affects the air distribution and temperature uniformity in the passenger compartment,and leads to the deterioration of the comfort of the interior environment.Aimed at the sudden change of the height and width of the air supply duct of a subway train,this paper analyzedthe relationship between the resistance along the air duct and the air volume of each air outlet in the passenger compartment by means of model test and numerical simulation.On the premise of not changing the geometric shape of the air duct,the internal diversion structure of the high ceiling of the air duct was optimized to reduce the resistance loss of the air flow in the air duct and improve the uniformity of air supply,and solve the problem of local backflow in the abrupt area of air duct section,after optimization,the maximum resistance of air duct was reduced by 16 pa,and the overall uniformity of air supply was increased by 44.25%.