5种临床常用辛味中药饮片急性毒性初探——探讨毒性中药界定与分级标准的不足

A Preliminary Study on the Acute Toxicity of Five Kinds of Pungent Herbs Commonly Used in Clinic-Discuss the Insufficiency of the Definition and Grading Standards of Toxic Traditional Chinese Medicines

目的通过急性毒性试验,测定药典记载的辛味有毒中药苍耳子、蛇床子和辛味无毒中药豨莶草、藁本、威灵仙的半数致死量(lethal concentration 50%,LD50),对上述5种中药饮片的LD50进行比较,根据半数致死量分级法和多项指标分级法对5种中药的毒性进行初步界定与分级,目的是通过实验结果证实两种分级方法与药典对毒性中药的界定分级不完全相同,以促进完善毒性中药界定与分级标准,为临床安全用药提供注意事项。方法鉴定上述5种中药饮片,制备提取物,根据0%~100%死亡剂量确定剂距,采用8个剂量组,一次性灌胃给药后,连续观察14 d,记录毒性反应和死亡情况。用Bliss法测定LD50,并对5种中药饮片的LD50的比较。结果5种生药饮片的LD50值为:苍耳子>豨莶草>威灵仙>蛇床子>藁本,LD50的组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论根据两种毒性分级方法对5味中药的毒性界定分级与药典记载不完全相符,现有毒性中药界定分级方法并非药典毒性记载的标准,提示药典对毒性中药的记载与现有毒性界定分级方法存在不足,有必要深入研究。

Objective To determine the lethal concentration 50%(LD50)of the pungent and toxic Chinese medicineXanthium sibiricum,Cnidiummonnieriand Pungent non-toxic traditional Chinese medicine Siegesbeckiae,Ligusticumligusticum and Clematis chinensisosbeck recorded in the Pharmacopoeia were determined.And the LD50 of the above five kinds of decoction pieces were compared.The toxicity of five kinds of traditional Chinese medicine was preliminarily defined according to the half lethal dose classification method and multiindex classification method.The purpose of this paper is to confirm that the two classification methods are not completely consistent with the definition and classification of toxic traditional Chinese medicine in Pharmacopoeia,so as to improve the definition and classification standard of toxic traditional Chinese medicine and provide matters needing attention for clinical safe use of drugs.Methods Identify the above five kinds of traditional Chinese medicine,and prepare the extract,determine the dose distance according to the death dose of 0%to 100%.And use 8 dose groups,after one-time intragastric administration,observe continuously for 14 days,and record the toxic reaction and death.LD50 was determined by Bliss method and compared the LD50 with each other.Results The LD50 valuesof five kinds of pungent herbs is Xanthium sibiricum>Siegesbeckiae>Clematis chinensisOsbeck>Cnidiummonnieri>Ligusticumsinense.There was no significant difference in LD50 of five pieces of traditional Chinese medicine.Conclusion The toxicity definition and classification of five traditional Chinese medicines by the two toxicity classification methods are not the same as those recorded in the Pharmacopoeia.And the existing classification methods of toxic traditional Chinese medicine are not the standard of toxicity record in Pharmacopoeia.It is suggested that there are deficiencies in the records of toxic traditional Chinese medicine in Pharmacopoeia and the existing methods of toxicity definition and classification,which needs further study.